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U of U PSY 3120 - Cognitive Psychology Introduction

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1Cognitive PsychologyPSYCH 3120Sarah Creemhttp://www.psych.utah.edu/~sc4002/psych3120Cognitive PsychologyAn Introduction to the FieldHow does the mind work?Cognitive PsychologyWeb page: Class InformationWhy Cognitive Psychology?• Fun• Applications• Both Fun and Applications are fueled by Basic Research QuestionsFun• Deep Blue can examine up to 2 million moves/second. What is going on in Kasparov’s head?Fun• Why is it you can’t remember what you just got up to do, but you can’t forget commercials from childhood?2Fun• A small child sees a rabbit hopping by and parents say “rabbit”.Fun• Why did John rollerskate to McDonald’s last night?Fun• Shape Constancy IllusionShape Constancy IllusionApplied• Pilots make errors. Why? Why can’t they be perfect?Applied• Is it possible for repressed memories to be recovered?3Applied• What’s the best way for memory to be long-lasting?Applied• Document TranslationJingle bells, jingle bells, jingle all the way. Oh what fun it is to ride in a one-horse open sleigh.Into German and then back into EnglishAppliedJingle bells, jingle bells, jingle all the way. Oh what fun it is to ride in a one-horse open sleigh.Into German and then back into EnglishJingleglocken, jingleglocken, jingle completely. Oh which fun it is to ride into a horse-opened sleigh.Applied• Document TranslationYou better not shout ,You better not cry, You better not pout I’m telling you why, Santa Claus is coming to town.Into Spanish and then back into English.AppliedYou better not shout ,You better not cry, You better not pout I’m telling you why, Santa Claus is coming to town.Into Spanish and then back into English.You would improve the clock towards the outside,You would improve not the shout,You would improve not the codfish. I is saying to him Papa Noel is coming to the city.Applied• How can we make virtual reality displays look natural?4Basic Research Questions• Deep Blue can examine up to 2 million moves/second. What is going on in Kasparov’s head?• Pilots make errors. Why? Why can’t they be perfect?• What is the nature of expertise?Basic Research Questions• Why is it you can’t remember what you just got up to do, but you can’t forget commercials from childhood?• Is it possible for repressed memories to be recovered?• How does forgetting work?Basic Research Questions• A small child sees a rabbit hopping by and parents say “rabbit”.• What’s the best way for memory to be long-lasting?• At any given moment there are many things that we might learn. How does the mind pick one (or more) of them?Basic Research Questions• Why did John rollerskate to McDonald’s last night?• Document Translation• How does background knowledge get incorporated into language processing?Basic Research Questions• Shape Constancy Illusion• How can we make virtual reality displays look natural?• Why does vision sometimes break down?Goal of Cognitive Psychology:To explain basic processes of thought:Perception, attention, memory, learning, language, decision making, reasoning520 Questions 20 Questions1. We use only about 10% of our brain.20 Questions2. Our expectations influence our perceptions and memories.20 Questions3. Studies have shown that eyewitness testimony is valid and accurate, especially with highly stressful (i.e., memorable) events.20 Questions4. When working in the dark (e.g., in an observatory), it is best to use red light to illuminate objects (e.g., a notebook).20 Questions5. If a tree falls in the forest and nobody is around, it makes a sound.620 Questions6. Studies of divided attention have demonstrated that driving while using a cell phone is not impaired.20 Questions7. At birth, newborns see the world as adults, although they lack the experience to interpret it as we do.20 Questions8. Someone who learns something when they are drunk will subsequently remember it better when they are drunk than when they are sober.20 Questions9. Practice always improves performance.20 Questions10. You can move your focus of (visual) attention without moving your eyes.20 Questions11. If someone is blind in one eye, they will have no depth perception.720 Questions12. Freud's "free association" technique tells us something about the organization of memory.20 Questions13. Studies that carefully control for the amount of time studying have found that "cramming" for an exam is as effective as distributing the studying over time.20 Questions14. People are always biased.20 Questions15. Memory aids do not really improve our memory.20 Questions16. The arrangement of displays and controls in cars, airplanes, etc. is arbitrary because we can learn to use any configuration with practice.20 Questions17. With enough practice it is possible to do two things at the same time as well as doing each thing by itself.820 Questions18. During the movement of the eyes while reading, the processing of visual information is temporarily suppressed.20 Questions19. Some of our memories are retrieved as mental images.20 Questions20. The difference between $500 and $1000 is psychologically greater than the difference between $10,500 and


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U of U PSY 3120 - Cognitive Psychology Introduction

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