11XML for Java Developers G22.3033-002Session 7 - Main ThemeXML Information Rendering (Part I)Dr. Jean-Claude FranchittiNew York UniversityComputer Science DepartmentCourant Institute of Mathematical Sciences2Agenda Summary of Previous Session Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSL-T) Extensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Object (XSL-FO) XML and Document/Content Management Introduction to XML Application Servers Working with XSLT-T and XSL-FO Processors Assignment 4a+4b (due in two week)23Summary of Previous Session Summary of Previous Session Document Object Model (DOM) Advanced XML Parser Technology JDOM: Java-Centric API for XML JAXP: Java API for XML Processing Parsers comparison Latest W3C APIs and Standards for Processing XML XML Infoset, DOM Level 3, Canonical XML XML Signatures, XBase, XInclude XML Schema Adjuncts Java-Based XML Data Processing Frameworks Assignment #34XML-Based Rendering Development XML Software Development Methodology Language + Stepwise Process + Tools Rational Unified Process (RUP) vs. “XML Unified Process” XML Application Development Infrastructure Metadata Management (e.g., XMI) XSLT, XPath XSL-FO APIs (JAXP, JAXB, JDOM, SAX, DOM) XML Tools (e.g., XML Editors, Apache’s FOP, Antenna House’s XSL Formatter, HTML/CSS1/2/3, XHTML, XForms, WCAG XML App. Components Involved in the Rendering Phase: Application(s) of XML XML-based applications/services (markup language mediators) MOM, POP, Other Services (e.g., persistence) Application Infrastructure Frameworks35Part IIntroduction to XSL 6EXtensible Stylesheet (XSL) Language Family Family of recommendations to define XML document transformation and presentation as “style sheets” Three parts: A language for transforming XML documents XSL Transformations (XSLT) Expression language used by XSLT to access or refer to parts of an XML document XML Path Language (XPath) (also used for XML Linking) A XML vocabulary for specifying formatting semantics XSL Formatting Objects (XSL-FO) See http://www.w3.org/Style/XSL for the XSLT 1.0, XPath 1.0, and XSL-FO 1.0 recommendations and working drafts of XSLT 2.0 and XPath 2.047How Does XSL Work? An XSL style sheet is an XML document XSLT elements in an XSL style sheet correspond to a series of XSL “transformation” rules (i.e., XML tree transformation and/or formatting rules) XSLT rules describe how particular XML tags are to be converted to “flow objects” as the document is read XPath (e.g., para[@type="warning"][5]) http://www.w3.org/2002/11/xquery-xpath-applets/xpathApplet.html8XSL Example XML Document<scene> <FX>General Road Building noises.</FX> <speech speaker="Prosser"> Come off it Mr Dent, you can't win you know. There's no point in lying down in the path of progress. </speech> <speech speaker="Arthur"> I've gone off the idea of progress. It's overrated </speech> </scene>59XSL Example(continued) Sample stylesheet<xsl:template match="FX"><fo:block font-weight="bold"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </fo:block> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="speech[@speaker='Arthur']"> <fo:block background-color="blue"><xsl:value-of select="@speaker"/>: <xsl:apply-templates/> </fo:block> </xsl:template>10XML Data Rendering Patterns Manipulating and Rendering XML Structures Using Java XSLT Transform Sort Output XSLT + XSL-FO Format Output Querying will be covered separately611XSL Related Technologies DSSSL & DSSSL-O CSS 1, 2, 3 …  http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/ XSLT XPath  XSL-FO XSLT Processors Stylus Studio XSL development environment IBM XSL Editor Saxon and Xalan XSLT processors XSL-FO Processors Antenna House fop12XSL Processing See http://www.w3.org/Style/XSL/ Processing Alternatives: HTML + CSS -> Presentation XML + CSS -> Presentation XML + XSLT -> XSL-FO -> Presentation XML + XSLT -> XML/HTML + CSS -> Presentation Client or Server Processing ? See Session 2 handout on IE5’s implementation of the XSL Spec. Examples See Session 2 Sub-Topic 1 Presentation: Beginning XML See Session 2 handouts on XSL Tree Transformation Language  See Session 2 handout on Cascading Stylesheets See Session 2 handout on Styling Documents Using XSL713A Language for “Mapping XML” (LMX) LMX is a sample textbook application XML and Java texbook (1stedition) LMX can convert a document in one DTD into another DTD and vice versa LMX uses rules to describe bi-directional “MOM” conversions between two sets of documents Rules have a “from-pattern” and a “to-pattern”b to respectively match the source document, and construct the target document Some restrictions exist w.r.t. the LMX patterns in order to simplify the program as much as possible LMX can also be used to convert a XML document to HTML (“POP” application)14How Does the LMX Processor Work? LMX makes heavy use of the DOM 1.0 API LMX uses XML4J internally to: Parse a rule file Parse a source document Generate a target document See chapter 4.3 in the XML and Java textbook (1stEdition) for a detailed description of the LMX implementation815LMX v.s. the eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) LMX and XSL both provide a syntax to encode “Style Sheets” Each XML document can be associated with a style sheet that describes how elements should be organized and formatted for presentation XSL style sheets provide custom appearances that give a web site a unified look and feel16Part IIExtensible Stylesheet Language Transformation(XSLT)917XSLThttp://www.dpawson.co.uk/xsl/sect1/sect1.html An XSLT stylesheet specifies the presentation of a class of XML documents Describes how an instance of the class is transformed into an XML document that uses a formatting vocabulary (e.g., XHTML, XSL-FO) XSLT Terminology See http://www.dpawson.co.uk/xsl/xslvocab.html Ref. card: http://www.mulberrytech.com/quickref/ “@”: abbreviation for attribute “..”: abbreviation for parent::node() “*”: identifies all of the element children of the context node (@* means all attributes) “.”: abbreviation for self::node()18XSL Transformations Assume root element of style sheet is <xsl> Each <xsl> element contains one or more rule elements Each rule has a target and an action Target is a regular