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MIT 4 510 - Materializing Design

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MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 4.510 Digital Design Fabrication Fall 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.Lecture 1 Materializing DesignProf. Larry Sass Department of Architecture How does Digital Fabrication Work for architects? – Method - Materializing Design – Generating Results -ArtifactsDigital Fabrication Design (Systems) Construction Rapid Prototyping CNC FabricationArtifacts (something created by humans usually for a practical purpose)Vision of Digital Fabrication Stephen Kieran & James Timberlake • Increase the quality of the built environment • Lower building cost • Integration of building trades Image of book cover removed due to copyright restrictions.Kieran, Stephen, and James Timberlake. Refabricating Architecture:How Manufacturing Methodologies are Poised to Transform BuildingConstruction. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2003. ISBN: 9780071433211.How is a Design Materialized? • Materializing a design is transformation of a virtual artifact to a physical artifact • In theory digital design and digital manufacturing methods willfacilitate all forms of constructions • 2D drafting will be substituted with representations in 3D forfabrication.Ways to materialize an artifact • Subtractive – Laser cutting – Waterjet cutting – CAD/CAM cutting • Additive – Layered Manufacturing – Mold makingIntegrated thinking? • Benefits of digital fabrication – Concept to Construction processing – Fewer physical tools – Integration of design and manufacturing • Integration of four sub-fields 1. Material/Structure 2. Assembly 3. Machining 4. ModelingHow is a Design Materialized? [1] [2] [3] modeling machine & material assembly Measure Cut or Build AssembleProcess • Translation of a virtual artifact to physical artifact • Design Language • Constraints a Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare.b Physical Visual Structural Form Assembly Spatial Material Ornamental Machine Style c kIntegrated Thinking 1. Modeling/CAD 2. Assembly 3. Machining 4. Material/StructureError in fabrication • Error Correction and Redirection is found in Telecommunications – Ability to detect errors in data transmission across a noisy channel • What is an architectural Error • Patterns – Interior & Exterior Finishes • Error is unpredictable & costlyCost of Error Wall [A] = - Assembly only Wall [B] = Assembly + Measure+ Cut HouseCostTime = (nWalls x [A]) + (nWalls x [B])Solutions Error in fabrication is reduced by 1. cutting or building components with precise machinery 2. Reduction in the number of parts in construction 3. By guiding assembly through smarter components Results = lower cost, faster construction, higher quality buildingsMethods Frank Gehry Kieran/Timberlake Berhard CacheLegacy Home Delivery Systems • Low precision – Hand cut parts • Slow Production – Production = (m + c + a) num_parts • Each cut part is unique • Most finishes are hand cut on site • High cost Stick build Factory buildDigital Home Delivery Systems Benefits • High precision • Fast fabrication (machine made) • Reproducible • High variety • Low cost • Safe constructionLimitations Digitally fabricated homes 1. Material waste 2. Few proven systems 3. Labor intensive in design (Building Information Modeling)Materializing Design @MIT by Larry SassProject Data • One Room with Furniture • 114 Sheets of Plywood • 984 components • Approximate Cost $2,500 • Translate design model into construction components and fabricate in one monthDesign Model Construction Model Cut sheet Generating Compliant DescriptionsCompliance Computational (measurable) Physical Structural Assembly Material Machine Visual Form Spatial (Floor plan) Ornamentation StyleStart CNC Machine Material Stock 114 Sheets of Plywood Assembly with a rubber mallet onlySummary • How does Digital Fabrication Work for architects – Skills CAD Machines Materials – Method – Materializing Design – Results Complaint


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MIT 4 510 - Materializing Design

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