PowerPoint PresentationLearning ObjectivesSlide 3Information Systems PlanEnterprise AnalysisRequirements Analysis RevisitedCritical Success FactorsUsing CSFs to Develop SystemsLogical Design RevisitedSpectrum Of Organizational ChangeSlide 11Slide 12Slide 13Spectrum Of Organizational Change: Paradigm ShiftRisks & RewardsIT Capabilities & ImpactsSlide 17Slide 18System Development ProcessSystems AnalysisSystems Analysis: FeasibilityRole Of End UsersCompleting System Development ProcessManaging ChangeManaging ImplementationErgonomics:Scoring Model / Factor Rating:Scoring Model:•Demonstrate how building new Demonstrate how building new systems can produce organizational systems can produce organizational changechange•Explain how organization can Explain how organization can develop suitable info systemsdevelop suitable info systems•Identify core activities in systems Identify core activities in systems development processdevelopment process**Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesLearning Objectives•Analyze organizational requirements Analyze organizational requirements for building successful systemsfor building successful systems•Describe models for determining Describe models for determining business value of info systemsbusiness value of info systems**Information Systems PlanInformation Systems PlanDirection of system development:Direction of system development:•RationaleRationale•Current situationCurrent situation•Management strategyManagement strategy•Implementation planImplementation plan•BudgetBudget**Enterprise AnalysisEnterprise Analysis(Business Systems Planning) (Business Systems Planning) Organization-wide information needs in Organization-wide information needs in terms of:terms of:•Organizational unitsOrganizational units•FunctionsFunctions•ProcessesProcesses•Data elementsData elements Helps identify key entities & attributes in Helps identify key entities & attributes in organization’s dataorganization’s data**Requirements Analysis Requirements Analysis RevisitedRevisited•InterviewInterview•Document-oriented approachDocument-oriented approach: : descriptive paperworkdescriptive paperwork•Form-oriented approachForm-oriented approach: input : input (application) and output (report) (application) and output (report) forms.forms.Critical Success FactorsCritical Success FactorsSmall number, easily identifiable Small number, easily identifiable operational goalsoperational goalsShaped by industry, manager, Shaped by industry, manager, environmentenvironmentBelieved to assure firm’s success.Believed to assure firm’s success.Used to determine organization’s Used to determine organization’s information requirementsinformation requirements**Using CSFs to Develop SystemsUsing CSFs to Develop Systems•Collect manager’s CSFsCollect manager’s CSFs•Aggregate, analyze individual’s CSFsAggregate, analyze individual’s CSFs•Develop agreement on company CSFsDevelop agreement on company CSFs•Define company CSFsDefine company CSFs•Use CSFs to develop information system Use CSFs to develop information system prioritiespriorities•Define DSS & databasesDefine DSS & databases**Logical Design RevisitedLogical Design Revisited•Organize by relevance and usageOrganize by relevance and usage•The results can be implemented The results can be implemented using many tools and platforms using many tools and platforms (portable)(portable)•The results do not change as rapidly The results do not change as rapidly (stable)(stable)Spectrum Of Organizational Spectrum Of Organizational ChangeChange•AutomationAutomation•RationalizationRationalization•Business reengineering (BPR)Business reengineering (BPR)•Paradigm shiftParadigm shiftSpectrum Of Organizational Spectrum Of Organizational ChangeChange•Automation:Automation: using technology to using technology to perform tasks efficiently (physical perform tasks efficiently (physical design, implementation / testing)design, implementation / testing)Spectrum Of Organizational Spectrum Of Organizational ChangeChange•Rationalization of procedures:Rationalization of procedures: streamline sops; Eliminate streamline sops; Eliminate bottlenecks. Find a different way to bottlenecks. Find a different way to organize the processes. (Logical organize the processes. (Logical Design level)Design level)Spectrum Of Organizational Spectrum Of Organizational ChangeChange•Business Reengineering:Business Reengineering: radical radical redesign of processes to improve redesign of processes to improve cost, quality, service; Maximize cost, quality, service; Maximize benefits of technology. Accomplish benefits of technology. Accomplish the same goal with different means. the same goal with different means. (Requirements Analysis level)(Requirements Analysis level)Spectrum Of Organizational Spectrum Of Organizational Change:Change: PParadigm Shiftaradigm Shift•ParadigmParadigm is a complete mental model of is a complete mental model of how a complex system functionshow a complex system functions•A paradigm shift involves rethinking the A paradigm shift involves rethinking the nature of the businessnature of the business, the organization; A , the organization; A complete complete re-conceptionre-conception of how the system of how the system should function. (Enterprise View level)should function. (Enterprise View level)**Risks & RewardsRisks & RewardsRISKRISKRETURNRETURNLowLowLowLowHighHighHighHighIT Capabilities & ImpactsIT Capabilities & Impacts•Transactional:Transactional: transforms transforms unstructured processes to routine unstructured processes to routine transactions to improve efficiencytransactions to improve efficiency•Geographical:Geographical: IT makes processes IT makes processes independent of locationindependent of location•Automational:Automational: replaces, reduces replaces, reduces human laborhuman labor**Source: Davenport & Short “The New Industrial Engineering”(1990)Source: Davenport & Short “The New Industrial Engineering”(1990)IT Capabilities & ImpactsIT Capabilities & Impacts•Analytical:Analytical: can bring complex can bring complex analytical methods to bear on analytical methods to bear on processprocess•Informational:Informational: makes vast amounts makes vast amounts of detailed information availableof detailed information available•Sequential:Sequential: enables changes in enables