Computing at the Psychometric Lab1The JOHNIAC at RAND, 1950s2Royal McBee (later General Precision) LGP-304K 31-bit words (16KB) drum memory, 0.017 sec multiply, paper tape I/OThe Psychometric Lab’s first computer; $30,000-$40,0003Royal McBee (later General Precision) LGP-304Univac 1105UNC-CH’s first computer; $2-3,000,0008-12K 36-bit words core plus 2-3 times that in drum memory, tape I/O5Univac 1105A complete UNIVAC 1105 computer system required 160 kW of power and an air conditioning unit with a power of at least 35 tons (123 kW) for cooling input water. The computer system weighed 63,753 lb and required a room 49 x 64 x 10 ft. The floor space for the computer was approximately 3,752 ft!; the power, refrigeration and equipment room was approximately 2,450 ft!.67IBM 6502000 10-digit words drum memory,0.013 sec multiply,punch card I/O,$3-5,000/mo.8IBM 7090, transistorized version of the tube-based 7099IBM 11308K (4K-32K) 16-bit words core memory,3 microsecond memory access,punch card input, line printer output,around $40,000.10IBM 1403 Line PrinterPrinted for 1130s and 7094s, …11IBM 1403 Line PrinterPrinted for 1130s and 7094s, and could play music:12Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) PDP-813Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) PDP-1114Thompson (Unix) and Ritchie (C) use a PDP-1115!"#$%&'(%)*&+,-%&+.%+/'0&+(*'12 3*'4(%5,)1/,'.6,78,9,)*6/',:,4(.',;<;==2 >7.) ??,@9,A,:,=,;BC9''/6D(5,-%&+.%+/267E,/%FG96.( :%HH,/%FG;>%((,I$*)/J&)J&)/(,K%>1*&/,-%&+.%+/29L,MMMMMMMMNO,P!,MMMMMMMQMR,M!,MMMMMMMS0S,MM!MMMMMLM;764.)/$,%',K.()*(/E/(,K%>1*&/16C source file fact.c#include <stdio.h>void main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int i, result; result = 1; for (i = 1; i<6; i++) { result = result * i; } printf ("Result is: %d.\n",result);}17C source file fact.c#include <stdio.h>void main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int i, result; result = 1; for (i = 1; i<6; i++) { result = result * i; } printf ("Result is: %d.\n",result);}.LL3:ld [%fp-20], %o0cmp %o0, 5ble .LL6nopb .LL4nop.LL6:ld [%fp-24], %o0ld [%fp-20], %o1call .umul, 0nopst%o0, [%fp-24].LL5:ld [%fp-20], %o0add %o0, 1, %o1st %o1, [%fp-20]b .LL3nop.LL4:sethi %hi(.LLC0), %o1or %o1, %lo(.LLC0), %o0ld [%fp-24], %o1call printf, 0nop.LL2retrestore.LLfe1:.size main,.LLfe1-main.ident"GCC: (GNU) 2.95.2 19991024 (release)"assembler language file fact.s (produced by: gcc -S fact.c).file"fact.c"gcc2_compiled.:.global .umul.section".rodata".align 8.LLC0:.asciz"Result is: %d.\n".section".text".align 4.global main.type main,#function.proc020main:!#PROLOGUE# 0save%sp, -120, %sp!#PROLOGUE# 1st %i0, [%fp+68]st %i1, [%fp+72]mov 1, %o0st %o0, [%fp-24]mov 1, %o0st %o0, [%fp-20]18C source file fact.c#include <stdio.h>void main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int i, result; result = 1; for (i = 1; i<6; i++) { result = result * i; } printf ("Result is: %d.\n",result);} binary file fact.o (produced by: gcc -c fact.c;dumped by: od -x fact.o)0000000 7f45 4c46 0102 0100 0000 0000 0000 00000000020 0001 0002 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 00000000040 0000 0234 0000 0000 0034 0000 0000 00280000060 0008 0001 002e 7368 7374 7274 6162 002e0000100 7465 7874 002e 726f 6461 7461 002e 73790000120 6d74 6162 002e 7374 7274 6162 002e 72650000140 6c61 2e74 6578 7400 2e63 6f6d 6d65 6e740000160 0000 0000 9de3 bf88 f027 a044 f227 a0480000200 9010 2001 d027 bfe8 9010 2001 d027 bfec0000220 d007 bfec 80a2 2005 0480 0004 0100 00000000240 1080 000c 0100 0000 d007 bfe8 d207 bfec0000260 4000 0000 0100 0000 d027 bfe8 d007 bfec0000300 9202 2001 d227 bfec 10bf fff2 0100 00000000320 1300 0000 9012 6000 d207 bfe8 4000 00000000340 0100 0000 81c7 e008 81e8 0000 0000 00000000360 5265 7375 6c74 2069 733a 2020 2564 2e0a0000400 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 00000000420 0400 fff1 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 00000000440 0400 fff1 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00000000460 0300 0003 0000 0008 0000 0000 0000 00000000500 0000 0002 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000…192021Connections in Computing22IBM 7094 System, circa 196532K 36-bit words (147KB) memory, 0.5MHz clock, no disks (tape I/O)23This system was at Columbia University24Programing was done on punched cardsin the “keypunch room”25Memory was magnetic “core” that cost about $1/bit;that would be $4billion for today’s standard 512MBEntire 7094 systems cost $2.5-4million (that would be $15-24million now), or rented for about $70,000/month ($415,000 now)26These computers were the stuff of story and myth…27IBM Series 360IBM 7094GE 635Honeywell 6000& DPS8Multilog was written to run on KU’s HoneywellsThe IBM 360 Series created the “byte” (8 bit alphanumeric characters), EBCDIC, and went on to the 370s, 303xs, 308xs and 3090s before the death of the mainframe 28Frederick Brooks headed the design project for the IBM 360 seriesBrooks subsequently recounted his experience on that project in a book, The Mythical Man-Month, which is the bible for software engineering and design…and he founded the Computer Science department at UNC-CH29Multilog was subsequently ported from the Honeywell to IBM’s VM/CMS system (the birthplace of BITNET— “Because It’s There NET”), DEC VMS for VAXen, the IBM PC’s MS DOS (and the Mac OS, but don’t tell)Frederick Brooks gave a great invited address when he received an award from the ACMI borrowed heavily from Brooks’ address for my Psychometric Society presidential address30Everything is connected31Moore’s