Homework 4 – SMALL MAMMALS’ HABITAT CHOICE INTERPRET DATA AND HYPOTHESES(To be completed in lab)Name: ____________________________In Lab 1 we raised the question: What determines habitat choice of small mammals? You developed two hypotheses/predictions to answer that question. Here are two hypotheses/predictions similar to those developed by students in Homework 2.1) If ease of escape influences habitat choice, then 1) shrew and vole density will be greater in plots with greater plant biomass, and 2) mice density will be independent of plant biomass.2) If food availability/preference influences habitat choice, then 1) shrew abundance will be greater with greater arthropod abundance, 2) vole abundance will be greater with greater plant biomass, and 3) mice abundance will be independent of arthropod abundance and plant biomass.In Labs I and II you gathered the data necessary for today when you will interpret each prediction (were they correct?) and decide if the data support each hypothesis. Go to Lab I: Tables 2, 3, 4, 5. Add the estimates from the Friday AM lab and the Thursday PM lab to yield the total estimated population size of each type of mammal in each of the two fields in 2008. Add toTable 1 below in the row for 2008. Calculate mean values for each mammal type in each field type. Add to the Table below.Go to Lab I: Table 1. Calculate mean value for stem density and plant biomass. Go to Lab II: Table 1. Calculate mean values for arthropod abundance and arthropod biomass. Add to the Table below. TABLE 11 year 5 yearMean Stem Density (from Lab 1)Mean Plant Biomass 789 414 (from Lab I)Mean Arthropod Abundance 15.3 14.6 (from Lab II)Mean Arthropod Biomass (from Lab II)Population Sizes Mice 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 mean102711312012121733397.8(from Lab I) Voles 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 mean37732003416.8235410014230.7(from Lab I) Shrews 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 mean3024001.87022032.3(from Lab I)INTERPRETATION OF RESULTSHypothesis/Prediction 1Were the predictions correct for the habitat of choice for each type of small mammal?1) mice ___depends on your section’s data.___________2) voles ______________3) shrews _____________Given that summary of results, what do you conclude about Hypothesis 1?Is there support for it? depends on your section’s data.__________________________Is the hypothesis proven? __No______________Explain.Experimental results do not PROVE hypotheses; they support them. We never know if other unknown factors explain the results or if, when repeated, we would get the same results. Is plant biomass the most important variable affecting small mammal speed of movement? Maybe not. What variable might be more appropriate to measure? __stem density________________________ Why? Mammals move mostly at ground level and have to maneuver around stems, not all of plant biomass.Hypothesis/Prediction 2Were the predictions correct?1) mice ________depends on your section’s data._____________________2) voles _____________________________3) shrews ___________________________Which variable more closely predicts shrew and mice abundance: arthropod abundance or arthropod biomass? Why? depends on your section’s data.WRITE A SUMMARYIn the first paragraph of the Discussion section of a scientific manuscript, we 1) provide an overall summary of the results and 2) state whether the hypothesis was supported.1. Here is an example of the first paragraph of a discussion in three sentences. E.g. for Hypothesis/Prediction 1, the text might read as follows:“The density of both shrews and voles with low agility was greater in plots with greater plant biomass, while the density of mice with high agility was independent of plant biomass. These results support the hypothesis that ease of escape influences habitat choice of small mammals. Apparently, the shrews and voles with low agility require denser vegetation to hide from predators than do the fast moving mice.”Note we state the correct predictions as facts; if incorrect, state that result instead. Then we state whether or not the results support the specific hypothesis. Then we expand to explain the hypothesis more explicitly for each type of mammal.2. Write the second paragraph of a discussion in three sentences about Hypothesis/Prediction 2. Depends on your sections results… e.g. “The density of shrews was greater in plots with _______arthropod abundance, while the density of voles was greater in plots with _______plant biomasss. Mice abundance was larger independent of the two variables. These results (do or do not) support the hypothesis that food availability influences habitat choice. (Apparently, multiple, not single, factors affect habitat choice of small