AMST 135gm 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last LectureI. From Independence to DependenceII. Important TechnologiesIII. Cattle IndustryIV. Money and Job, they need workers!V. Dissent to Liberal RegimesVI. Political Transformation in ArgentinaVII. US Foreign Policy VIII. Monroe DoctrineIX. Dollar DiplomacyX. NeocolonialismXI. Good Neighbor PolicyOutline of Current Lecture I. US Intervention and Revolution in the AmericasII. Liberal Era and ModernizationIII. Growing Social UnrestIV. 1944 “Revolution” in GuatemalaV. US Responds to Democratic ReformsVI. What motivated the US?VII. Post WWIIVIII. United Fruit CompanyIX. Alliance for ProgressX. Democratic GovernanceXI. Military RegimesCurrent LectureUS Intervention and Revolution in the Americas- Depression in the US felt around the world- Other countries are heavily dependent—lack of capital coming in- Importation of immigrants that were coming from different govrn’t types- But the system isn’t working, capitalism is failingQuestions- Why did the US become such an active force? Interests?- Policies designed to protect US interests in latin America?- What was the relationship between local power elites and the US Govn’t?- What role did violence and terror play in maintaining political control in Central and South America?Liberal Era and Modernization- From colonial systems to national economies, rational planning and economies- Themes—US Dominates hemisphere after Spain loses power in the Americas- 1823: Monroe Doctrine= Latin America is the “backyard” of the US- Cold War 1945 to 1990- Central America important to national security Keep communism out of “our backyard”- Justifies involvementGrowing Social Unrest- Major social upheaval- Dictators and Caudillos (strong arm govn’t)- Rural insurgency- Agricultural workers serve as a base for revolutionary movements- Military suppression of the countryside- Middle classes and elites support military and conservative political parties to establish peace and order1944 “Revolution” in Guatemala- Arrevalo elected and initiates a series of progressive reforms and the end of a brutal dictatorship- Drafts labor codes, social security law, etc which United Fruit sees as a potential threatUS Responds to Democratic Reforms- Arbenz gets congress to pass on agragarian reform law. Offers to pay for land at its estimated value, but the United Fruit raises the prices- The US labels these advancements “Communists”- Operation Success 1954—Arbenz overthrownWhat motivated the US?- Wants to protect Political and Economic Power?- Investments- Rail, mining, oilPost WWII- European powers weakened- US emerges as military aid- Soviet Union challenged the US---- Cold War- Economic- oil, rail, United Fruit Company, New markets for US products- Superpower, fend off challenges, defeat communism- Capitalist- NATO pactUnited Fruit Company- Created in 1899- Operates in a corrupt political system dominated by Latin American military - Helps US gain foothold- United Fruit Company also important for developing much of CA- builds roads, develops land, builds docks and ports- Key player in 1954 Arbenz coupAlliance for Progress- Established in 1961 by Kennedy - Goal: improve cooperation b/w North and South America- Called for: Investment and infrastructure for development- Better EducationDemocratic Governance- Initial break with dictatorial regimes, but then encouraged them as response to communist threat- Latin American Elite Partners with the US- Need to prove we’re better- Invest in things- Too much poverty- Latin America wants communistsLatin America elite partnered with US- Armed Revolutions: Another World is possible- Cuba (1959) US starts taking harder stance- Nicaragua (1979)- Rising fear and anxiety: upper classes and military afraid of domino effectResponse: Authoritarian ruleMilitary Regimes- Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Central America- Provides support to Anti Communists Bulwarks- Argentina’s Dirty War: 1976 to 1983- Military took power- Wants to abolish to old Peron leftist movements 30,000 people disappearAmericans took Arbenz out of powerPB success teamBay of Pigs--- CIA taken out in