COMMUNITY TYPESREADING ASSIGNMENTSeasonal Patterns of Precipitation and Temperature Determine Terrestrial VegetationSeasonal Patterns of light Temperature and Precipitation Global PatternsGlobal Air CirculationBiomes & Vegetation differencesMajor BiomesTropical Wet ForestCanopy of ForestDesertNames for Temperate GrasslandsNorth American GrasslandsDeciduous ForestDeciduous ForestShade ToleranceBoreal ForestTundraBiogeography“Tension” Zone in WisconsinBiogeography of SpeciesInvasive speciesVOCABULARYExam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 1COMMUNITY TYPESCOMMUNITY TYPESSix Major Vegetation Types are Six Major Vegetation Types are called called BiomesBiomes. Vegetation height is . Vegetation height is strongly influenced by temperature strongly influenced by temperature patterns and water availability.patterns and water availability.Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 2READING ASSIGNMENTREADING ASSIGNMENTRead pages 1001Read pages 1001--1018 in Chapter 50.1018 in Chapter 50.YES there will be questions on this material YES there will be questions on this material on exam 2.on exam 2.Think about what is special about being a Think about what is special about being a woody plant versus a nonwoody plant versus a non--woody one.woody one.Seasonal Patterns of Precipitation Seasonal Patterns of Precipitation and Temperature Determine and Temperature Determine Terrestrial VegetationTerrestrial VegetationFor both precipitation and temperature both the For both precipitation and temperature both the average and the seasonal variation are average and the seasonal variation are important variable that vegetation responds to.important variable that vegetation responds to.Plants are the primary producers. The portion of Plants are the primary producers. The portion of the year with little chance of a freezing the year with little chance of a freezing temperature is called the temperature is called the ‘‘growing seasongrowing season’’..Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 3Seasonal Patterns of light  The tilt of the axis of rotation with respect to the plane of revolution means day lengths are variable.Light comes from the sun which is Light comes from the sun which is primarily intercepted best by being tall.primarily intercepted best by being tall.Exam 2 #13UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 5Temperature and Precipitation Temperature and Precipitation Global PatternsGlobal PatternsAxis of earthAxis of earth’’s rotation is tilted (23s rotation is tilted (23°°) to ) to plane of earthplane of earth’’s orbits orbit–– Northern hemisphere season is opposite of Northern hemisphere season is opposite of season in southern hemisphereseason in southern hemisphere–– Angle of sunlight important (more energy per Angle of sunlight important (more energy per unit area means higher temperature)unit area means higher temperature)Temperature drops as elevation increasesTemperature drops as elevation increases–– Water vapor in air often condenses into droplets Water vapor in air often condenses into droplets of water as air rises above the earthof water as air rises above the earthGlobal Air CirculationGlobal Air CirculationExam 2 #13UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 6Exam 2 #13UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 7Biomes & Vegetation differencesBiomes & Vegetation differencesBiomesBiomesare vegetation types that apply on a are vegetation types that apply on a worldworld--wide scale.wide scale.There are 6 major biomes, with 14 biomes There are 6 major biomes, with 14 biomes recognized in a recent study.recognized in a recent study.‘‘EcoregionEcoregion’’names vegetation patterns at names vegetation patterns at the scale of size of a state.the scale of size of a state.Each place in natural world is unique.Each place in natural world is unique.Major BiomesMajor BiomesArctic Tundra Arctic Tundra ––polar regionspolar regionsBoreal ForestsBoreal ForestsTemperate ForestsTemperate ForestsTemperate GrasslandsTemperate GrasslandsSubtropical DesertsSubtropical DesertsTropical Wet Forest Tropical Wet Forest --equatorialequatorialExam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 8Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 9Tropical Wet ForestTropical Wet ForestCanopy of ForestCanopy of ForestThe canopy layer of a forest is the height at The canopy layer of a forest is the height at which most of the sunlight is captured by which most of the sunlight is captured by the plants.the plants.Many forests have a Many forests have a subcanopysubcanopylayer below layer below the canopy. The the canopy. The subcanopysubcanopyis typically is typically occupied by trees that can grow in shade occupied by trees that can grow in shade and do not get as tall as the canopy species.and do not get as tall as the canopy species.Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 10Exam 2 #13UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 11DesertDesertExam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 12Names for Temperate GrasslandsNames for Temperate GrasslandsPrairiePrairieNorth AmericaNorth AmericaPampasPampasArgentinaArgentinaSteppeSteppeRussiaRussiaVeldtVeldtUnion of South AfricaUnion of South AfricaPusztaPusztaHungaryHungaryExam 3 #2 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 13North American GrasslandsNorth American GrasslandsIllinois Hill PrairieWoodworth PrairieTallgrass Prairie NP KSPrairie in KansasExam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 14Deciduous ForestDeciduous ForestGAR, River Forest Vestal Grove, NorthbrookExam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 15Deciduous ForestDeciduous ForestWoody vegetation (trees) require a regular Woody vegetation (trees) require a regular supply of water and are favored by greater supply of water and are favored by greater and more uniform amounts of precipitation.and more uniform amounts of precipitation.Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the winter.winter.Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 16Shade ToleranceShade ToleranceTree seedlings differ in shade tolerance.Tree seedlings differ in shade tolerance.Oak seedlings generally require high levels of Oak seedlings generally require high levels of light as seedlings, light as seedlings, i.e. are not shade tolerant.i.e. are not shade tolerant.Sugar maple is locally the most shade tolerant Sugar maple is locally the most shade tolerant species, which means its seedlings can grow in species, which means its seedlings can grow in full shade (as found under a full canopy)full shade (as found under a full