Computer Concepts Computer Concepts --Illustrated Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionIntroductory, Seventh EditionUNIT D:Digital ElectronicsAdministrationSlides and study guide have been posted.http://euclid.barry.edu/~chchuan/cs180-04/Test #2 is coming (Feb 27th)!¾ Computer Concepts Units A to D¾ Test review on WednesdayHomework #2 is due on Feb 27th.ObjectivesObjectivesDiscuss data representationExplore chipsDiscuss processorsFilesComputer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionDiscussing Data RepresentationDiscussing Data RepresentationData representation - form in which data is stored, output, and transmittedDigital data¾ Text, numbers, graphics, sound, and video converted into discrete digits: 0s and 1sAnalog data¾ Represented using infinite scale of values: 1, 1.5, 1.56, 1.563, 1.5637, …Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionDiscussing Data RepresentationDiscussing Data RepresentationBit - each 1 and 0 in electronic signal¾ Byte - eight bits¾ Kilobit - 1,024 (210) bits¾ Kilobyte is 1,024 bytes¾ Megabit, megabyte, gigabit, gigabyteComputer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionExploring ChipsExploring ChipsIntegrated circuit (chip) - most significant technology that made PCs possible¾ Thin slice of semiconducting material (silicon or germanium)¾ Packed with microscopic circuit elements over which bits travelComputer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionExploring ChipsExploring ChipsProcessor (microprocessor)¾ Complex integrated circuit¾ Contains as many as 400 million components¾ Most important and usually most expensive part of computerProducers of processors¾ Intel¾ AMDComputer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionExploring ChipsExploring ChipsProcessor specification¾ Intel Core 2 Duo• A single chip contains two processors¾ 2.53GHz• Processor speed¾ 3 MB Cache• Cache memory this processor has¾ 1066 FSB• Front side bus: speed to transfer data to and from the processorIntel Core 2 Duo E7200 (2.53GHz, 3MB L2 Cache, 1066FSB)Discussing ProcessorsDiscussing ProcessorsPerformance - affected by several factors¾ Clock speed¾ Bus speed¾ Word size¾ Cache size¾ Instruction set¾ Processing techniquesComputer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionDiscussing ProcessorsDiscussing ProcessorsClock speed¾ Pace for executing instructionsCycle¾ Smallest unit of time processor can recognizeCache (RAM cache or cache memory)¾ High-speed memory processor can access more rapidly than memory elsewhereComputer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionExamining Computer MemoryExamining Computer MemoryBoot process¾ Sequence of events between time you turn computer on and time that it is ready for use¾ Stored on ROM (read only memory)Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionExamining Computer MemoryExamining Computer MemoryROM BIOS (basic input/output system)¾ Holds configuring information which cannot be stored on RAM because it would be lost when computer is turned offComputer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionExploring Computer FilesExploring Computer FilesFile - named collection of data that exists on storage medium¾ hard drive, solid-state storage device, CD, DVD, or tapeComputer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionExploring Computer FilesExploring Computer FilesFilename¾ Unique set of characters and numbers¾ Identifies file and should describe contentsFilename has two parts¾ Filename¾ Filename extensionComputer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionExamining File LocationsExamining File LocationsUser decides where files are storedWindows OS labels storage devices with letters¾ A: and C:Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionExamining File LocationsExamining File LocationsFolder¾ Logical representation of where files are stored¾ Each folder is named, can hold many files¾ Folders can be created within foldersComputer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionExamining File LocationsExamining File LocationsFile specification (path)¾ Computer file’s location - begins with drive letter and is followed by• Folder(s)• Filename• File extensionComputer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionExamining File LocationsExamining File LocationsDisk partition (C:, D:)¾ Section of hard drive treated as separate storage unit¾ Many computers are configured with one partition which holds OS, programs, and data¾ Possible to create more than one hard drive partitionComputer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionOpening and Saving FilesOpening and Saving FilesWhat can be done with files and foldersComputer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh