PowerPoint PresentationContentsInformation Available from Various Types of FEM AnalysisExample FEM Application AreasVariety of FEM Solutions is Wide and Growing WiderSlide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Commercially Available FEM Software SuitesCommercially Available FEM Software Suites (cont.) (partial list)Slide 17Technologies That Compete With the FEMTechnologies that Compete With the FEM (cont.)Slide 20Future Trends in the FEM and SimulationFuture Trends in the FEM and Simulation (cont.)Slide 23Selected FEM Resources on the InternetSelected FEM Resources on the Internet (cont.)Slide 26ReferencesFinite Element Primer for Engineers: Part 3Mike Barton & S. D. RajanXYZAAABBABCACABCDABDCAEDBCEFDABECFDECGDFEGCDBADHEFGECFDBHAEGDDHFEDCGCBFGCEBADFBCEADBCEADABCBDACABAABCAB©, 2000, Barton & Rajan2Contents•Introduction to the Finite Element Method (FEM)Introduction to the Finite Element Method (FEM)•Steps in Using the FEM (an Example from Solid Steps in Using the FEM (an Example from Solid Mechanics)Mechanics) •Examples •Commercial FEM SoftwareCommercial FEM Software•Competing TechnologiesCompeting Technologies•Future TrendsFuture Trends•Internet ResourcesInternet Resources•ReferencesReferences©, 2000, Barton & Rajan3Information Available from Various Types of FEM Analysis•Static analysis»Deflection »Stresses »Strains »Forces »Energies•Dynamic analysis»Frequencies »Deflection (mode shape) »Stresses »Strains »Forces »Energies• Heat transfer analysis»Temperature » Heat fluxes » Thermal gradients » Heat flow from convection faces• Fluid analysis» Pressures » Gas temperatures » Convection coefficients » Velocities©, 2000, Barton & Rajan4Example FEM Application Areas•Automotive industry»Static analyses »Modal analyses»Transient dynamics »Heat transfer »Mechanisms »Fracture mechanics »Metal forming »Crashworthiness • Aerospace industry» Static analyses » Modal analyses» Aerodynamics » Transient dynamics » Heat transfer » Fracture mechanics » Creep and plasticity analyses » Composite materials » Aeroelasticity » Metal forming » Crashworthiness• Architectural» Soil mechanics» Rock mechanics» Hydraulics» Fracture mechanics» Hydroelasticity©, 2000, Barton & Rajan5Variety of FEM Solutions is Wide and Growing Wider•The FEM has been applied to a richly diverse array of scientific and technological problems.•The next few slides present some examples of the FEM applied to a variety of real-world design and analysis problems.©, 2000, Barton & Rajan6• This example shows an intravenous pump modeled using hexahedral elements.©, 2000, Barton & Rajan7Car tires require sophisticated analysis because of their complex geometry, large deformations, nonlinear material behavior, and varying contact conditions. Brick elements are used to represent the tread and steel bead, while shell elements are used in the wall area. Membrane elements are used to represent the tire cords.©, 2000, Barton & Rajan8This forging example is a simulation of a bulk forming process with multiple stages. This axisymmetric analysis begins with a cylinder of metal meshed very simply.©, 2000, Barton & Rajan9A 3-D finite element model of an instrumented canine cervical spine. The model consisted of four vertebrae (C3-C6), a titanium alloy plate, and two screws attached to the back of two vertebrae (C4-C5).©, 2000, Barton & Rajan10Finite element analysis works on the premise that a complex structure like the helicopter shown here can be simulated on a computer screen so that the helicopter's physical properties can be studied to determine how well the design will perform under real-world conditions. The computer models permit the design team to examine a wide range of options and to detect design flaws long before the prototype stage.©, 2000, Barton & Rajan11This guitar features two strips of graphite running the length of the neck. This FEM model was used to study how much the neck moved when string forces were applied and moisture content changed. Using the FEM calculations, designers could try different reinforcement scenarios to increase neck stability.©, 2000, Barton & Rajan11The boat’s hull consists of a thick core material sandwiched between two thinner layers of plys oriented in different directions. The initial analysis work focused on maximizing the hull's overall stiffness by examining different core-material densities and varying the ply thickness and orientations.©, 2000, Barton & Rajan11Dynamic analysis of a tuning fork, to find it's first eight modes of vibration.12345678©, 2000, Barton & Rajan11Contents•Introduction to the Finite Element Method (FEM)Introduction to the Finite Element Method (FEM)•Steps in Using the FEM (an Example from Solid Steps in Using the FEM (an Example from Solid Mechanics)Mechanics) •ExamplesExamples •Commercial FEM Software•Competing TechnologiesCompeting Technologies•Future TrendsFuture Trends•Internet ResourcesInternet Resources•ReferencesReferences©, 2000, Barton & Rajan11Commercially Available FEM Software Suites• Here we present a survey of some of the better-known integrated FEM software packages. These integrated systems allow users to perform all facets of FEM analysis, including modeling, meshing, solution and post-processing.• The Internet provides a vast new resource for individuals interested in the FEM. See the Reference section of this paper for interesting FEM links to start your Internet research.• In addition to the integrated FEM packages listed below, many vendors offer dedicated software for solid modeling, mesh generation, FE equation generation and solution, and post-processing.©, 2000, Barton & Rajan11Commercially Available FEM Software Suites (cont.)(partial list)Software Package Introduced CommentsABAQUS 1978 General purpose, with special emphasis on advanced linear and nonlinear structures and heat transfer applications.ADINA 7.0 1975 Optimized for structural and heat transfer applications. Limited element library. Extensive material model library.ALGOR 1984 First FEM package available for PC use. ANSYS/LS-DYNA N/A For solving highly nonlinear structural dynamics problems (impact, large deformation, nonlinear materials, etc.)ANSYS/MECHANICAL 1970 Probably the best-known and most widely-used FEM software. Complete structures/thermal/acoustics modleing.ANSYS/Multiphysics N/A Coupled-field, multidisciplinary FEM