1How we develop attachment?Ch.10-Life Span Development IIOBJECTIVES-What is attachment?-How and why do we develop attachment relationships?What was Your first social-emotional relationship?2The first special relationship we experience develops between ______________________________________It is believed that this relationship will influence the development _________________________________________________‐ Attachment is a strong, long-lasting emotional connection‐ ____________________________________________________________________________________________‐ How do you know an infant is attached to someone?‐ Infants show their attachment through __________________________________________________________________________________________________What is Attachment?How does love develop between mother and child?Harry Harlow studied the impact of security and ________________________________________________________________________________________3Harry Harlow (1959)“The Monkey Love experiments”‐ Harlow evaluated whether _____________________________comfort was more important to infant attachment.‐ The young animals were “raised” by two kinds of ____________________________________________________________‐ One mother was made of soft terry cloth, the other made of wire mesh“Monkey Love Experiments”‐ Harlow's research showed that the ________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Harlow’s work suggested that the development of a child’s love for their caregiver ______________________rather than physiological4What does this mean for humans?‐ Harlow showed that the development of attachment was closely associated with _______________________________________________in early life.‐ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‐ Further experiments on abusive conditions showed that no matter how abusive the “Iron Maidens” were, the baby monkeys always came back and displayed affection towards them.‐ __________________________________________________________________________________________________What happened to these monkeys?‐ Monkeys raised without their mothers were ___________________________________________________‐ “When confronted with fear, they displayed autistic and institutionalized behaviors-throwing themselves on the floor, clutched themselves, rocked back and forth, and screamed in terror.”‐ They were incapable of having sexual relations and they were also unable to parent their offspring, ________________________________________. "Not even in our most devious dreams could we have designed a surrogate as evil as these real monkey mothers were."5Did Harlow’s work influence our society?True or false?‐ Less than 50 years ago parents were told by doctors that rocking or picking up a crying infant could “damage” them.True or False?‐ Lack of attachment can be made up for later in life by a lot of contact with peersTrue or False?‐ “Do not overindulge them. Do not kiss them goodnight. Rather, give a brief bow and shake their hand before turning off the light.”6It is beneficial to place a newborn directly on its mother's belly after birthDo we all need attachment and physical contact?‐ Yes, according the theories of John Bowlby (1969, 1991), that children who form an attachment to an adult are ____________________________________.‐ Attachment not only deepens the parent-child relationship, but may have contributed to human survival.7The Quality of Attachment‐ Based on how the infant reacts to separation from the caregiver and the reunion by using a procedure known as the ______________________ ‐ Ainsworth (1993) and others have identified 4 basic types of ________________________________1. Secure Attachment2. Insecure/Resistant3. Insecure/Avoidant4. Insecure/DisorganizedTypes of Attachment‐ Secure attachment is a relationship of _________________________________________________‐ During infancy this relationship provides a secure base for exploration of the environment.‐ This group seems to say “I missed you terribly, but now that you’re back, I’m okay.”‐ ________________of American children have secure attachment relationships (Kail, 2007).3 Types of Insecure Attachment‐ Insecure-Avoidant attachment:‐ Infants or young children seem somewhat _____________________ toward their caregivers and may even ___________________________________________8If they do get upset when left alone, ______________________ __________________________________as by a parent.As if to say, “you left me again, I always have to take care of myself!”20% of American infant have avoidant-attachmentResistant/ambivalent Attachment‐ Infants or young children are _______________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________‐ The baby is upset when the mother leaves and remains upset or even angry when she returns, and is difficult to consoleDisorganized attachment‐ Infants or young children have ________________ ______________________________ with the stress of the “Strange Situation”‐ The baby seems confused when the mother leaves and when she returns.‐ This leads to problems with ____________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________‐ Less than 5% of middle-class Americans fall into this category.9Name that Attachment Relationship!‐ A baby in this group might say “I missed you terribly, but now that you’re back, I’m okay.”‐ A baby in this group might say “You left me again. I always have to take care of myself.”Name that Attachment Relationship!‐ A baby in this group might say “Why do you do this? I get so angry when you’re like this.”‐ A baby in this group might say “What’s going on here? I want you to be here, but you left and now you’re back. I don’t know whether to laugh or cry.” Next ClassHow does our thinking