HOPE CHEM 103 - Group 2A Elements
School name Hope College
Pages 3

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1Group 2Alkaline Earth MetalsKariayne Cozzie, Tera Hasbargen, Teri O’Meara, Meredith PraamsmaMajor Reactivity Trends• Increased bond strength when compared to group 1– High density– High ionization energies• More reactive further down the group– More electropositive– More readily oxidized– More easily ionizedTrendsIonization enthalpy decreases down the column because of increased atomic radius and ZeffAtomic radius increases down the column because of an increase in the number of shellsTrends (cont’d)Electronegativity decreases down the column because the electrons are further from the nucleus and there is an increased ZeffMelting Point is very high because two valence electrons give stronger metallic bonding2Physical Properties•ns2configuration• Normally in the 2+oxidation state• More soluble further down the group• Less soluble than group 1– Large mineral deposits • Solids at room temperature• More dense than water• Pure metals are silver in colour.Uniqueness of Beryllium• Covalent– Small size– High charge density– Polarizing power• Unreactive in air• Resistant to corrosion• Light metal• Salts are highly toxic• Highest melting point compared to congeners• Forms coordination compounds with simple ligands– Coordination number is 2, 3, or 4 for Be, but 7 or 8 for the other congeners• Strong diagonal trend with AlApplications• Be is used in jewelry• Ca is the backbone of coral reefs• Ba, Ca, Mg, Sr are metals burned in fireworksBeryl• Salt of Berylium• Silicate mineral– Found in many forms• Hexagonal crystals• Four well known gems– Emerald, aquamarine, heliodor, morganite• Commonly used in jewelry3Coral Reefs• Calcium Carbonate• The “backbone” of coral reefs• Deposited by coral polyps• Slow growing• Significant impact of human activityFIREWORKS!Magnesium: burns bright whiteCalcium: deepens colorsCalcium Salts: Burns Orange Strontium: Burns Red and stabilizes firework mixturesBarium: burns green and stabilize volatile mixtureshttp://youtube.com/watch?v=q9bYaQZSxAIReferences• Shriver & Atkins Inorganic Chemistry• Two Scientific Papers• Coral Reef Alliance• How Stuff WorksPhotos and Media:• http://www.howstuffworks.com/fireworks.htm• http://www.webelements.com• http://www.galleries.com/minerals/silicate/beryl/beryl.htm• www.facebook.com• www.youtube.com•


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HOPE CHEM 103 - Group 2A Elements

Course: Chem 103-
Pages: 3
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