Lesson 14: Urinary and Reproductive SystemsBIO 160: Introduction to Human Anatomy and PhysiologyBiology 160Pima Community College, Downtown CampusLAB SIGN OFF PAGE – LESSON 14: CHAPTERS 15 and 16Name ___________________________Please staple all of your lab pages for this Chapter together with this page as the top. You will use this page to get your Labs for the Chapter signed off by the Biology Learning Center staff. You need to have all of the following steps initialed by a staff member before you can be allowed to take the Chapter Exam.After you have obtained all of your sign offs for this Chapter, be sure that a BLC staff member indicates on your Lab Card that you are OK to take the Chapter Exam. Also, keep this sign off page, along with your completed lab worksheets, as proof of your lab completion. If your Lab Card indicates that you have not completed the required Labs for this Chapter, and you feel that you have, it is up to you to provide proof that you have indeed done the Labs. Keep this page!___________ Torso model___________ Model CE___________ Model CD___________ Male model___________ Female model___________ ADAMLast updated: 4/29/141BIO 160: Introduction to Human Anatomy and PhysiologyLesson 14: Urinary and Reproductive SystemsKidneysThe urinary system has many critical functions. 1. The urinary system filters the __________________________________2. The urinary system excretes wastes in urine that were filtered out of the blood. 3. The urinary system regulates blood pH, ion balance and ______________________ balance. 4. The kidneys activate vitamin ______________________5. The hormone erythropoietin secreted from the kidneys stimulates _______________ production. Name the 4 major components of the urinary system. 1. ____________________________________2. ______________________________ 3. ____________________________ 4. ________________________Which tubes connect the kidney to the urinary bladder? ____________________________________Which tube exits the urinary bladder to the outside of the body? ______________________________The kidneys are located against the dorsal body wall in the upper lumbar region. The kidneys lie behind the posterior parietal peritoneum. They are retroperitoneal. The ureters, blood vessels and nerves all connect to the kidneys at the _________________________Each kidney is enclosed by a renal capsule. Kidneys are also embedded in a fatty mass called the ______________________ capsule which protects the kidney and helps to hold it in place. The outer layer of the kidney is called the renal cortex.Deep to the renal cortex is the renal medulla which contains the triangular-shaped ________________Funnel-shaped calyces drain urine to the renal _____________________ which merges into the ureter. There is a rich blood supply to the kidney by the renal artery which branches off of the aorta. Blood leaves the kidney by the renal vein which empties into the inferior vena cava. The main structural and functional unit of the kidney is the ____________________________. There are 1 million nephrons per kidney. The nephron is where blood is filtered and _____________________ is formed. The glomerulus and the renal tubules are the two main components of the nephron. The glomerulus is a capillary network where ________________________ takes place. Blood flows into the glomerulus by the _________________________ arteriole and out by the efferent arteriole.Podocytes are specialized cells that surround the capillaries and allow filtration to take place. The _____________________ capsule surrounds the glomerulus and is the first part of the renal tubule. Filtrate leaves the glomerulus and collects in the glomerular capsule.Last updated: 4/29/142BIO 160: Introduction to Human Anatomy and PhysiologyThe other 3 parts of the renal tubule are the PCT which stands for the ________________________________, the loop of Henle and the DCT (distal convoluted tubule). Filtrate passes from the glomerular capsule into the proximal convoluted tubule.Water and reusable solutes in the filtrate are _________________ back into the capillaries surrounding the proximal convoluted tubule.Most of the nephrons are cortical nephrons and they are located almost entirely in the renal cortex. Juxtaglomerular nephrons have loops of Henle that extend deeply into the renal _______________________.As the efferent arteriole leaves the glomerular capsule it branches into the peritubular capillary bed which is closely associated with the renal tubule. Solutes and water are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries from the renal tubule. Name the 3 processes involved in urine formation. 1. _______________________________2. ___________________________________ 3. _____________________________________During _________________________fluids and solutes are forced out due to the blood pressure in the glomerulus.The filtrate is collected in ___________________ and travels through proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.During ______________________________useful substances like water, ions, glucose and amino acids are reclaimed from the filtrate and returned to the blood.Most of the reabsorption occurs in the ______________________ convoluted tubule but it also occurs in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Nitrogenous wastes, like urea, uric acid and creatinine are not reabsorbed and remain in the filtrate. Secretion is the opposite process to reabsorption. Hydrogen ions are secreted from the blood into the filtrate tobe removed in the urine. Removing hydrogen ions helps to regulate the ___________________of the blood. Drugs and other toxins are secreted from the blood into the filtrate to be removed in the urine. In 24 hours about 160 liters of blood plasma is filtered through the glomeruli to become filtrate in the renal tubules. Of the 160 liters of filtrate, only about a liter and ½ becomes _________________________. Most of the filtrate is reabsorbed back into the blood. The yellow color of urine comes from the pigment _________________________ which is a product of the destruction of the hemoglobin of worn out RBC’s. Urine is sterile and normally has a pH around 6, making it slightly _____________________________. Generally, blood, bacteria, proteins, WBCs and glucose should not be in the urine. WBCs and bacteria in the urine could indicate and infection. Glucose in the urine could indicate the
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