Psych Study Guide:How old is the field of psychology? Over 100 yearsWhat is the definition of psychology?The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. What is included in the definition besides overt behavior?Mental processesWhat do we mean by the “scientific study”?Standardized methods to collect dataWhat was Wundt’s contribution to psychology?Can you define structuralism?Aimed to identify the most basic elements of psychological experienceWho developed it and when?Titchener who studied under WundtWhat is introspection?What is functionalism and how does it differ from structuralism?Helped to understand the adaptive purpose of the psychological characteristics.Structural- physical functional- mentalWho is the person most closely associated with functionalism?William JamesWhat is Gestalt psychology?What are the contemporary perspectives of psychology?Behaviorism, psychoanalytic, humanistic, biological, and cognitiveRecognize examples of each.Can you apply them to specific examples.What is a theory?A broad explanationWhat is a hypothesis?A prediction derived from a theory, stated in a way that allows it to be tested.What is an operational definition?Turning abstract theories into observable ones.Come up with examples of theories, hypotheses, and operational definitions.Do you have a sense of the steps involved in doing research?Perceiving a question, forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, drawing conclusions, reporting your results.Can you describe an experiment?Examine the effect on one or more variable(s) on another variable(s) in a controlled setting.What is the goal of experimental research?To make a causal statement about the effects X has on YCan you define dependent and independent variables?Dependent variable- the variable that is being measured to see the effect of the independent v.Independent variable- variable the is being controlled/changed to see its effect on other variables.Can I recognize them if given an exampleDo you know what is meant by the experimental control?Things we have control over.Why is the control important?What are the experimental and control conditions in an experiment?Why is it important to randomly assign participants to groups?What are major strengths of doing experimental research?Why is it valuable to replicate a study?What is a quasi-experiment?Quasi ”sort of”, it’s a sort of experiment and done outside of the lab.How does it differ from experimental research?What is correlational research?Measures two or more variables and determines the strength and the direction of the relationship between the variables.When might one use a correlational design?Used when we cannot manipulate the variables of interest.How does one measure the degree of relationship between two or more variables?What information does a correlation coefficient give?The relationship between the variables.What is naturalistic observation?Observes behavior naturallyWhat is the biggest drawback of naturalistic observation?If people know your observing them, they may not act naturally.What is the goal of a survey?What is a case study?Do you think animals should be used in research?Reasons for