!Cardiovascular System Lab Learning Objectives: Students should be able to: Cardiovascular System 4.1 Locate and identify the vessels connected to the heart as well as other structures pertaining to the anatomy of the heart. 4.2 Locate and identify the chambers of the heart as well as other structures pertaining to the internal anatomy of the heart. 4.3 Name and locate the valves of the heart. 4.4 Trace the path of blood through the heart. 4.5 Compare and contrast the structures and functions of the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit of the cardiovascular system in both human models and preserved sheep hearts. 4.6 Discuss and explain the conduction system of the heart. 4.7 Discuss blood flow as well as gas and material exchange across a capillary bed. 4.8 Compare and contrast anatomy of veins and arteries. 4.9 Contrast the structure and function of red blood cells and white blood cells. Prepare for Heart Dissection. You should be wearing your goggles, lab coat, and gloves during this exercise. Dissecting tools should be handled properly and in a responsible manner. LAB HYGIENE IS VERY IMPORTANT DURING THIS EXPERIMENT. 1. Gather the necessary dissection equipment: - Dissecting pan - Scissors - Pins - Scalpel - Pointer - Tweezers 2. Select a heart for your group and place it in your dissection pan. 3. Before you begin the next task, your TA will check that you have the proper equipment and are prepared for heart dissection. Do not go on without your TAs permission. Task 1. External Heart Anatomy 1. Read “Introduction” (pg 77) and section 7.1 “The Heart” (pg 78). Use yoursheep heart to identify the structures listed in Figure 7.1 “External view of the heart” (pg. 78). 2. Perform “Observation: External Anatomy of the Heart” (pg. 79). Task 2. Internal Heart Anatomy 1. Your TA will demonstrate the appropriate method of dissecting the heart so that you will be able to identify the internal structure and organization of the heart. 2. Identify the structures in Figure 7.2 “Internal view of heart” (pg. 80). Make sure you understand the functions of the structures listed. Also, be sure you can trace the path of blood through and across these structures. On the practical exam, we will have a heart with various structures pinned and labeled. You will have to identify the structures AND you will have to put them in order as blood moves through the heart. 3. Perform “Observation: Internal Anatomy of the Heart” (pg. 79). 4. Fill-out the “Path of Blood Through the Heart” (pg. 80). 5. Answer “Laboratory Review” questions 5, 6 and 8 (pg 90). 6. Ask for permission from your TA before going to the next task. The TA needs to make sure that you have filled-out this information correctly and that the group has understood the material to this point. Clean-up 1. Wipe out your pan with a paper towel and dispose of the remains of the heart in the biohazard bucket (only heart remains). 2. Wash the pan in the sink. There should be no material left on the pan to clog the sink. 3. Clean the dissecting tools with soap, and then squirt them with ethanol. Wipe off the tools and dry them using a paper towel. 4. Dry the pan, clean your lab table with ethanol and dry it with paper towels. Do not continue until your TA checks your progress Task 3. Pulmonary and Systemic Circuit Vessels. 1. Read “Path of Blood in Adult Humans” (pg. 87). Looking at Figure 7.7 “Diagram of the human cardiovascular system” (pg. 88) distinguish between the pulmonary and systemic circuit of circulation. 2. Answer “Pulmonary Circuit” (pg. 87) & “Systemic Circuit” (pg. 88).3. Answer “Portal System” on pg. 88. 4. Fill-out Table 7.3 “Major Blood Vessels in the Systemic Circuit” (pg.89). You are responsible for knowing the material in this table. 5. Answer question 2 (letter a through f) (pg. 89). 6. Use a heart model and a torso model to identify structures showed in Figure 7.2 “Internal view of heart” (pg. 80) and Figure 7.7 “Diagram of the human cardiovascular system” (pg. 88), respectively. You are responsible for knowing ALL these structures. Regarding the blood vessels, make sure you can identify whether they are carrying blood to or from the heart, and whether they are part of the pulmonary or systemic circuit. If there is no heart model or torso model available because other groups are using them, take this time to answer questions 4, 7, 11-13, 15 and 20 (pg. 90). Again, you are responsible for knowing ALL the structures of the cardiovascular system listed in Figure 7.2 “Internal view of heart” and Figure 7.7 “Diagram of the human cardiovascular system”. Make sure you know the difference between veins and arteries. YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR IDENTIFYING THE FOLLOWING VESSELS: - aorta - vena cava UPPER BODY - carotid arteries - jugular veins ABDOMINAL CAVITY - renal veins and arteries - mesenteric arteries and veins You are ALSO required to know the main function of the major vessels. For example, the vena cava is the major vein which returns deoxygenated blood from the entire body to the heart. 7. Answer the questions 4, 7, 11-13, 15 and 20 (pg. 90), if you haven’t already done so. Do not continue until your TA checks your progress. The TA needs to make sure that you have filled-out this information correctly and that the group has comprehended to material to this point. Task 4. Electrical Activity of the Heart and the Heartbeat You should understand the electrical activity of the heart, the contraction of the heart chambers, ECG, blood pressure and how these things are coordinated and connected, it is not trivial. If time permits, your TA should briefly explain this topic soas to help you comprehend the material. 1. Read "Physiology of the Heart" (pg. 81). - Discuss how a heart contraction is initiated. - Where does the electrical signal originate and how does it spread? . - How do we measure the electrical activity? . - What do the parts of an ECG represent in the