1PSYC 201 – First Research Paper Spring 2010Lab Assignment: Naturalistic ObservationIn this assignment you will be asked to collect, analyze and interpret data regarding a very simple human behavior: stopping (or not) at a four-way stop.The assignment is divided into three parts. In the first part you and a lab partner will go toan intersection and measure the frequency in which people stop at a stop sign. In the second part of the assignment, you will learn how to analyze the data using the chi-square statistic. In the third part of the assignment, you will complete a lab report that presents the results of your statistical analysis and allows you the chance to interpret the results.Instructions for Part I- Go to the four-way stop the beside the Cook Hall parking lot (Corner of Fairfax and Jefferson streets). Record the following data about each vehicle that passes through this intersection: (1) whether or not the driver is using a cell phone, (2) the gender of the driver, (3) your best guess as to the age of the driver, (4) the time of day, and (5) whether the vehicle made a complete stop at the intersection or not.- It is up to you to decide on the best way of making your observations. In an upcoming lab you will be asked to describe the procedure you used to collect your data.- Observe at least 80 vehicles pass through the intersection. ONLY INCLUDE data for vehicles when they are the only vehicle going through the intersection. - Please count the number of vehicles that fall into each of four categories:1. Drivers using a cell phone who stop at the stop sign.2. Drivers using a cell phone who do not stop at the stop sign.3. Drivers not using a cell phone who stop at the stop sign.4. Drivers not using a cell phone who do not stop at the stop sign.- The question this research project will address is whether there is any evidence that driversusing a cell phone are more or less likely to stop at a stop sign than are who are not using a cell phone.- An additional question is whether males differ from females in terms of their stopping behavior.PSYC 2012Spring 2010Lab Report: Stop Sign StudyThe lab reports in this course are intended to guide you through the process of learning to write a research paper in psychology. Psychologists have agreed to follow a standard format in reporting the results of experiments they conduct. This format is published by the American Psychological Association (APA) and is contained in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th Edition). The APA manual contains instructions for how to organize the various parts of a research paper and how to present statistical results. You should use your copy of the Publication Manual as your primary source of information for how to write a paper in APA style. As a supplement to this there are a number of web-based resources on APA format provided on Dr. Pierce’s website. Chapter 13 of Jackson also provides a readable introduction to writing a APA-style paper, although, because it was written using the 5th edition, some details are no longer accurate.This handout provides information about the stop sign study you have conducted and asks you to provide additional information as well. The handout provides the basic structure of the paper and prompts you for the additional information required. In a second paper you’ll work on later in the semester, you’ll need to write the complete paper yourself.APA-style papers are divided into four major sections: Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion. In addition, APA-style papers include a 120 word abstract at the beginning of the paper and a reference section at the end. Many papers also include additional information in the form of tables, figures (graphs), and appendices.The following sections provide you with some of the information that might go in an APA-style paper and indicate where additional information from you is required. In addition, there is information (presented in bold faced type) presented about APA-style itself. The paper that you hand in should contain all of the information we provide here plus the information you are requested to provide. Do not include the information about APA-style presented in bold faced type. You must type your paper. Use double-spacing and one inch margins on the left and right.Title of the Study: The Effect of Cell Phone Use on Coming to a Complete Stop at a Stop Sign[Format your own Title Page]Abstract[The Abstract should provide the reader with enough information to help to know what your research question was, your method for answering that question, and what you found.]Provide your own abstract3Introduction[The Introduction section of a paper is where the researcher outlines the research question they want to ask and provides the reader with relevant background information regarding the topic being studied.]Traffic accidents are a major source of injury and death in the United States. One common cause of traffic accidents is the failure of one or more vehicles at an intersection to stop at a stop sign. A number of previous studies have attempted to determine why drivers do or not come to a complete stop at a stop sign. [Provide a description of at least two studies that have examined this question][Provide a subheading for the next section]One possible factor in determining the stopping behavior of a driver is the degree to which a driver is distracted by stimuli that are unrelated to driving performance. A large literature exists that demonstrates the negative effects of engaging in a secondary task on primary task performance. [Describe two studies on dual-task performance (i.e., studies showing that when trying to do two things at once, performance on both tasks is worse][Provide a subheading for the next section]One possible source of distraction to drivers is engaging in a cell phone conversation. A number ofrecent studies have examined the effects of cell phone use on the likelihood of becoming involved in a driving accident. [Describe at least two studies examining the effects of cell phone usage on driver safety][Subheading: Purpose of the present study]The primary question addressed in the present study was whether engaging in a cell phone conversation would be associated with increased likelihood of failure to come to a complete stop at a stop sign. It was hypothesized that drivers engaged in a cell phone conversation would be significantly more likely to fail