Abnormal PsychologyChapter 5:- Unipolar Mood Disorders: lasting at least two weeks- Person experiences only episodes of depression - Average onset is 32o Major Depressive Disorder Feeling of worthlessness No appetite Suicidal Frequently long-term and recurrent o Dysthymia Insomnia Low self-esteem Feeling of hopelessness- Bipolar Mood Disorders: - onset between 18-22- Person experiences episodes of mania and in most cases of episodes of depressiono Bipolar I At least one manic episode Major depressive episode (Not required)o Bipolar II At least one hypomanic episode At least one major depressive episodeo Cyclothymia At least two years of hypomanic symptoms At least two years of depressive symptoms - For moods to be considered separate they must have a remission period of 2 months- Manic:o Durations- 1 weeko Interferes with social and occupational - Hypomanic:o Duration- 4 dayso Must be noticeable by otherso Not severe enough to impair functioningChapter 6:- Anxiety: anticipation for future negative emotions (can be adaptive)- Fear: faced with real and immediate danger- Highly comorbid - Exposure Treatment:o Systematic Desensitization-client is taught to relax when presented with items that bring about fear in order from least threateningo Flooding- exposure to most threatening stimuli first - Generalized Anxiety Disorder: 10-19s & 40s o General worry and anxietyo Intolerance of uncertainty- ODC: onset early adolescent to young adulthoodo Obsessive- thoughtso Compulsions- actions- Panic Disorders: late mid 30s o Situational bound- (cued) panic when you see a spidero Unexpected- out of the blueo Situational predisposed- more likely to have a panic attack when he/she has already - Agoraphobia: 20s-40so Anxious apprehension about being in places where escape may be difficult or embarrassing, or help may not be available - Treatmento Cognitive method Cognitive reconstructiono Behavior methods Relaxation Breathing re-training Exposure to stimuli o Antidepressantso Targeting social factors- Specific Phobiaso Excessive or unreasonable fear to a specific object/situation- Social Phobias: onset at adolescence o Fear of humiliationChapter 7: (Not including treatment)- PTSD:o An event that involves actual threatened death or serious injury to self or others that creates intense feelings of fear Re-experiencing Effortful avoidance Arousal or anxiety Dissociation- Acute Stress Disordero Symptoms occur and last within 4 weeks of traumao Durations is less than a montho Two-Factor theory Classical conditioning- produces fear Operant conditioning- fear is
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