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CORNELL CS 501 - Lecture Notes

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CS 501: Software EngineeringAdministrationOS 360The Aim of Project ManagementAspects of Project ManagementTerminologySlide 7General Approach to Project PlanningProject Planning MethodsSlide 10A Simple Gantt ChartGantt ChartsA More Complex Gantt ChartActivity GraphExample: Activity Graph An Open University CourseActivity Graph (part)Activity Graph (continued)Slide 18Scheduling: BackgroundCritical Path MethodTime Estimates for Activities (Weeks)Earliest Start DatesLatest Start DatesCritical PathSlackEstimating the Time for an ActivityStart-up TimeFinal Analysis with Critical Path MethodAdding Resources to Activity Graph or Gantt ChartUsing Critical Path Method for ResourcesKey Personnel: The Mythical Man MonthOpen University Example: FlexibilityValue of Scheduling ToolsThe Project ManagerUpdating the Plan1CS 501 Spring 2006CS 501: Software EngineeringLecture 4Project Management2CS 501 Spring 2006AdministrationProjects•Announcements by project teamsQuiz 1•Quiz 1 is next Thursday. Information is posted on the web site.3CS 501 Spring 2006OS 360The operating system for the IBM 360 was two years late.Question: How does a project get two years behind schedule?Answer: One day at a time!Fred Brooks Jr., The Mythical Man Month4CS 501 Spring 2006The Aim of Project ManagementTo complete a project:• On time• On budget• With required functionality• To the satisfaction of the client• Without exhausting the teamTo provide visibility about the progress of a project5CS 501 Spring 2006Aspects of Project ManagementPlanning• Outline schedule during feasibility study• Detailed schedule at the beginning of a project or phase of a projectProgress tracking• REGULAR COMPARISON OF PROGRESS AGAINST PLANFinal analysis• Analysis of project for improvements during next project6CS 501 Spring 2006TerminologyDeliverableWork product that is provided to the customer (report, presentation, documentation, code, etc.)MilestoneCompletion of a specified set of activities (e.g., delivery of a deliverable)7CS 501 Spring 2006TerminologyActivityPart of a project that takes place over time (also known as a task).EventThe end of a group of activities.DependencyAn activity that cannot begin until some event is reachedResourceStaff time, equipment, or other limited resources required by an activity.8CS 501 Spring 2006General Approach to Project PlanningIdentify deliverables and milestonesDivide project into activities (tasks)For each task estimate:• time to complete from when activity begins• dependencies on events before beginning• resource requirementsBuild a model that uses this data to create a work-plan, including schedule, resource allocation, and flexibility9CS 501 Spring 2006Project Planning MethodsCritical Path Method, Gantt charts, Activity bar charts, etc. • Build a work-plan from activity data.• Display work-plan in graphical form.Project planning software (e.g., Microsoft Project)• Maintain a database of activity data with input tools• Calculate and display schedules• Provide progress reports10CS 501 Spring 2006Project Planning MethodsAll project planning methods are best when:1. Plan is updated regularly (e.g., weekly or monthly)2. The structure of the project is well understood3. The time estimates are reliable4. Activities do not share resourcesUnfortunately, #2, #3, #4 rarely apply to software development11CS 501 Spring 2006A Simple Gantt ChartSource: Microsoft using Excel12CS 501 Spring 2006Gantt Charts• Dates run along the top (days, weeks or months).• Each row represents an activity. Activities may be scheduled sequentially, in parallel or overlapping. • The scheduled for an activity is a horizontal bar. The left end marks the planned beginning of the task. The right end marks the expected end date. • The chart may be updated by filling in each activity to a length proportional to the work accomplished. • Progress to date can be compared with the plan by drawing a vertical line through the chart at the current date.13CS 501 Spring 2006A More Complex Gantt ChartSource: SmartDraw14CS 501 Spring 2006Activity GraphAn activityA dummy activityAn eventA milestoneA scheduling technique that emphasizes dependencies15CS 501 Spring 2006Example: Activity GraphAn Open University CourseDeliverables:16 Written texts (bound in pairs)8 Television programs8 Radio programs4 Computer programs1 Home experimental kit4 Assignments and sample solutions16CS 501 Spring 2006Activity Graph (part)Edit Unit 3PrintUnit 3Revise Unit 3MailUnit 3otheractivitiesSTARTEND17CS 501 Spring 2006Activity Graph (continued)Edit Unit 3TypesetUnit 3Revise Unit 3MailUnits 3/4otheractivitiesEdit Unit 4PrintUnits 3/4Revise Unit 4otheractivitiesTypesetUnit 4START18CS 501 Spring 2006Activity Graph (continued)STARTEdit Unit 3ScriptTV 2MakeTV 2Edit Unit 4Prototype Computer 1ProgramComputer 1DocumentComputer 1Mail19CS 501 Spring 2006Scheduling: BackgroundPERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique introduced by the U.S. Navy in 1957 to support the development of its Polaris submarine missile program.PERT/TimeActivity graph with three time estimates (shortest, most probable, longest) on each activity to compute schedules.PERT/CostAdded scheduling of resources (e.g., facilities, skilled people, etc.)20CS 501 Spring 2006Critical Path MethodUses Activity Graph with single time estimate for each activity to estimate:earliest start date -- every activity begins at first possible timelatest start date -- every activity begins at the last possible timeslack -- difference between the latest and earliest start datesA standard method for managing large construction projects.On big projects, activity graphs with more than 10,000 activities are common.21CS 501 Spring 2006Time Estimates for Activities (Weeks)64223333821 1412121422CS 501 Spring 2006Earliest Start Dates6422333382114121214011212417192352522171715158202324All activities beginning at a given event have the same earliest start date.23CS 501 Spring 2006Latest Start Dates6 4223333821141212111121413152023 2425422017171018172019Each event must be achieved by the date shown or the final date will not be met.24CS 501 Spring 2006Critical Path0/01/1112/1212/144/1315/15 17/1717/1717/1719/2022/23 23/2425/25Every activity on the critical path must begin on the earliest start date.25CS 501 Spring 2006Slack0/01/1117/1723/2412212/1212/144/1315/15 17/1717/17 19/2022/2325/2548123 23124433611Slack of activity = (latest start)end - (earliest start)begin -


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CORNELL CS 501 - Lecture Notes

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