Spring 2002 Final ExamMULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (100 pts.)USING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED IN ASTR 101, PLEASE CHOOSE THE BESTANSWER TO EACH OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS AND INDICATE YOUR CHOICEON THE SCANTRON SHEET. (2 pts. each)1. In the Greek geocentric model, epicycles were used to explainA. retrograde motion.B. the equinoxes.C. eclipses.D. lunar phases.E. precession.2. During the crescent phase of the Moon, earthshine is easily visible. This results fromA. the use of too much moonshine.B. refraction of sunlight by the moon's atmosphere.C. reflection of sunlight off the Earth, then off the Moon.D. infrared emission by the Moon.E. infrared absorption by the Moon.3. Spectroscopic binaries are recognized byA. observing the stars as double images through a powerful telescope.B. the eclipses that always occur.C. changing spectral line positions due to the Doppler shift as the stars orbit.D. spectral lines that change from emission to absorption.E. changing spectra that indicate a hotter then a cooler body.4. A primary use of 21 cm radiation is to determineA. distances to distant stars.B. the chemical composition of the interstellar medium.C. the distance to the Andromeda galaxy.D. the spiral structure of our Milky Way galaxy.E. the magnetic field of the Milky Way galaxy.5. Which of the following is true of a K5 red giant and a K5 main sequence star? They have thesameA. luminosity.B. mass.C. surface temperature.D. size.E. age.6. There is evidence in the rock record that oxygen began to be prevalent about 2 billion yearsago. It is assumed that ozone began to build up in the stratosphere at this time alsoA. making it possible for life to survive on the land.B. and the greenhouse effect resulted.C. creating an ozone hole over the south pole.D. as carbonate rocks formed.E. as limestones began to form.7. For a one solar mass star, which of the following is the correct order for its evolution?A. protostar, planetary nebula, main sequence, red giant, white dwarfB. protostar, main sequence, planetary nebula, red giant, white dwarfC. protostar, main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarfD. planetary nebula, protostar, main sequence, red giant, white dwarfE. planetary nebula, protostar, main sequence, supernova, black hole8. The HR Diagram is a graph that relatesA. period and luminosity.B. temperature and mass.C. color and temperature.D. apparent magnitude and luminosity.E. spectral type and absolute magnitude.9. In the last lab (using the computers) dealing with the expansion of the Universe, you usedHubble’s constant to estimateA. the velocity of recession.B. the Gravitational constant.C. distance to a Cepheid variable.D. the age of the Universe.E. the mass of a galaxy.10. Life on Earth depends strongly on which atom that forms long chains with itself leading tocomplex molecules?A. oxygenB. hydrogenC. carbonD. nitrogenE. iron11. As a ground state electron in a hydrogen atom changes its spin directionA. the atom is ionized.B. a photon of wavelength 21 cm is emitted.C. a long wavelength infrared photon is absorbed.D. the atom becomes helium.E. the atom is no longer considered to be radioactive.12. The Voyager I space probe has reached the speed necessary to escape from the Sun's gravity.It currently is 10 billion miles from Earth. Its engine suddenly malfunctions and is no longeroperational. What would happen next to Voyager I?A. It will stop immediately.B. It will slow down and quickly come to a stop.C. It will slow down and be pulled back toward the Sun.D. It will continue to move at the same speed in a straight line.E. It will continue to move but be drawn into a large elliptical orbit around the Sun.13. The Sun is located ____________galactic center.A. about 3,000 light years from B. in a globular cluster about 300,000 light years from C. very near D. in a spiral arm about 30,000 light years from E. at the outer edge of the galaxy 100,000 light years from14. You are at the beach (east coast) this summer and can't sleep, so you go outside. Over theocean in the east you see a crescent moon with earthshine. Estimate the time.A. 8 pmB. 10 pmC. midnightD. 2 amE. 4 am 15. We do NOT experience a lunar eclipse once a month becauseA. the Moon's orbit is inclined at 5o to Earth's orbit.B. the Moon does not rotate.C. the Moon does not revolve.D. the Moon's rotational and revolutionary periods are equal.E. one lunar side always faces the Sun.16. Cepheid variables can be used to determine distance because a Cepheid'sA. radial velocity is related to its mass.B. luminosity is related to its period of variation.C. size is related to its mass.D. magnitude is related to its color.E. period of variation is related to its velocity of recession.17. Before the Apollo landings on the Moon, the lunar maria were hypothesized to be youngerthan the highland regions because theyA. are lighter in color.B. are darker in color.C. have more craters.D. have fewer craters.E. were formed by flowing water.18. Suddenly you and your friend see a bright light streak across the sky on a clear evening. Yourfriend yells, "Look at the falling star." You tell him that you have just witnessedA. a comet crossing the sky.B. a strange form of heat lightning.C. a piece of interplanetary debris burning in the atmosphere.D. a piece of matter shot out of a star.E. an aurora.19. The Sun's true position in our galaxy was first determined usingA. pulsars.B. open clusters.C. globular clusters.D. giant molecular clouds.E. clusters of galaxies.20. The Big Bang theory received its strongest observational support with the detection ofA. 21 cm radiation.B. quasars.C. the cosmic background radiation.D. open clusters.E. objects like Cygnus X-1.21. If all of the gases trapped in shells and carbonate rocks were released, the Earth's atmospherewould be more like the atmosphere ofA. Jupiter.B. Mars.C. the Moon.D. Titan.E. Venus.22. The source of the Sun’s energy isA. chemical burning of hydrogen gas.B. gravitational heating.C. fission of nuclei.D. hydrogen fusion.E. tidal stresses from the planets.23. Your latitude right now on Earth is the altitude ofA. the ecliptic.B. your zenith.C. the horizon.D. the North Celestial Pole.E. the celestial equator.24. If the Moon rises at sunrise, what is its phase?A. newB. fullC. first quarterD. last quarterE. gibbous25. If the universe is comprised of more than 90% dark matter, then in the future A. the universe will experience the Big Crunch.B. the universe will expand forever.C.