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UVA CS 588 - A Secure National ID Card

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Low SecurityHigh SecurityD. The Secure ChannelFigure 2. Secure Channel CommunicationA. OverviewC. Security vs. Privacy TradeoffsWorks CitedCS 588 A Secure National ID Card 1. Problem Definition In light of the recent tragedies of September 11, 2001, America has felt the immediate need for a system that could positively identify individuals who pose a threat to national security. Suicide attackers have added a new dimension to potential threats the country might face. It is absolutely critical that we keep these potential terrorists out of sensitive areas that could be a target for a terrorist act. However, America’s long-standing tradition of freedom may be one of the greatest assets to potential terrorists. The American spirit for privacy and freedom has led to a weak system of authentication when compared to other nations. For the security of America and her citizens, it is time to create a strong national identification system that can expose those who exploit our free system. Before the attacks of September 11, most of society was opposed to any form of national identification due to privacy concerns. However, this sentiment is beginning to change. According to a New York Times/CBS News poll on September 27, 2001, fifty-six percent of the people said that they would accept a mandatory national electronic identification system [22]. In a Pew Research Center for the People & the Press survey, seventy percent of the U.S. public supported a system of national ID cards [23]. The prospect of carrying a national identification card still raises concerns among the public. Many claim that the recent proposal will constitute a breach of civil liberties because it may allow authorities to track the movements of individuals throughout the nation [24]. Another criticism being raised is that the ID card system could become a powerful tool for ethnic profiling. Many feel that the authorities would be more likely to stop Arab-Americans for an ID check. Other opponents argue that the information provided by the card system would strengthen the power of the bureaucracy who could potentially use it for their own gains [25]. There is also a major concern that such a system would provide a false sense of security among the public. Any national ID system will always have the human factor, making it susceptible to forgeries no matter how secure the implementation. For example, no matter how well card making machine operators are screened, it is still possible for them to abuse their power to make fake cards. Because of increased levels of security, anyone who found a way to get a forged 1CS 588 A Secure National ID Card card would actually have an easier time breaking through the security measures. The fact that the immigration laws would be enforced using these cards, finding ways around them would also become an immediate priority for counterfeiters. Also, many people still do not believe that a national ID system would provide any added security against terrorism. The following story refutes those claims. In 1999, a man named Khalid Al-Midhar was spotted by Malaysian security meeting with some of Osama bin Laden’s top aides. The Malaysian authorities immediately reported this information to the United States where the FBI put Al-Midhar’s name on the Immigration watch list. In August 2001, Immigration finally realized that Al-Midhar was already in the United States, and ironically, he had used his real name and identification to do so. Immediately, the FBI sent agents across the nation to find Al-Midhar. Unfortunately, they did not find him until they scanned the flight manifest of American Airlines Flight 77 on the day of America’s worst tragedy [21]. A national identification system hopefully would have stopped Al-Midhar from entering the nation, and it certainly would have stopped him from boarding a plane on that fateful day. The system proposed in this document will provide a way for America to recognize terrorists, criminals, and identity falsification with minimal effects on the privacy of ordinary citizens. 2CS 588 A Secure National ID Card 2. Related Work A. Other Countries The United States is one of a handful of industrialized countries without a standard national identification card. This is attributed to the fact that the U.S. puts such a high value on personal liberties, freedom, and privacy. After the recent attacks on America devastated our sense of security, many are calling for the U.S. to join the hundreds of other nations with a national identification system. Of the countries that have national ID systems, there are two extremes and many that fall in the middle. Some of the oppressive Asian nations like Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Thailand all have national ID systems. Most of these Asian systems fall on the overly restrictive end. Singapore assigns each citizen a serial number at birth and then requires all citizens to carry their national ID card at all times. Cameras are located throughout the town at intersections, playgrounds, and even office buildings, and citizens are constantly monitored and tracked using this system of national identification [20]. Malaysia also has a similar smart card system where all citizens are tracked and forced to swipe their ID card at places like shopping malls and office buildings. This system holds fingerprint data and must be carried by all citizens over the age of twelve [16]. On the more liberal end, the Dutch system is relatively open and used mainly for tax and identification purposes [15]. Much of the rest of Europe and South America fall somewhere between the Asian systems and the Dutch system. Countries like Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Finland, France, Greece, The Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain all have national ID systems as well as nearly a hundred other countries [12]. Many of these countries are not overly restrictive, but those citizens who do not keep their card in their possession could wind up in jail [16]. Of the European countries, the United Kingdom is one of the only other major countries that currently does not have a national ID, but after the recent attacks, it too is considering ways to implement a national ID system [10]. Interestingly, most common law countries have rejected national ID attempts, and Australia and New Zealand both do not have national ID cards [16]. 3CS 588 A


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