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UAF FSN 261 - Alaskan Harvesting Gear I

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Alaskan Harvesting Gear I 1. Trawl Beam, Otter 2. Dredges Scallop, Hydraulic 3. Pots 6-by, Stacker, DungenessHarvesting Gear - Trawl Trawl: from Latin tragula - to Drag Modern: Pulling a Net Through Water Types: Otter Trawl & Beam Trawl Otter Trawl - Doors Hold Net Open Beam Trawl - Beam Holds Net Open Pelagic Trawls - Up in Water Column Bottom Trawls - Contact with BottomTrawl Gear Useful for Catching Schooling Species eg. groundfish: gadoids, rockfish, flatfish eg. various shrimp species, Tuna Trawl Complaints From Roman Times Concern - Use Damages Non Target Species Horsepower Largely Determines Trawl SizeOtter Trawl Anatomy I Trawl is Hauled Aboard by 2 Winches Ship Left - Port, Ship Right - Starboard Winches Pay-Out and Retrieve Wire Rope Winches Bolted to Aft Deck Forward Winch Size Scales with Boat Size Warps (Wire Rope) Scale with Net Size Warps Attach to Trawl Doors Near CenterOtter Trawl Anatomy II Door Shape Changes with Nets & Species Door Function: Keep Net Mouth Open - Doors Lateral Pull Control Over Net Position Impose Drag on Forward Motion Net Mouth Top - Floats Hold Top Open Net Bottom - Foot Rope, Tickler Chain Rock Hopper, Bobbins & Chafing GearOtter Trawl DoorOtter Trawl Doors Coming UpOtter Bottom Trawl - The NetOtter Trawl Net 1. Think of Mouth as Rectangle L Corners to Top & Bottom Left Door R Corners to Top & Bottom Right Door 2. Floats Hold Top of Net Body Up 3. Support Ropes Sewn Into Net 4. Back End of Net - Cod End or Bag Opened & Closed with Cinch 5. Net Bottom Protected - Chafing GearOtter Trawl - Net Mouth FloatsOtter Trawl Chafing GearOtter Trawl Rock-Hopper GearOtter Trawl Bottom FishingOtter Trawl Fishing 1. Net Flies through Water Due to Doors 2. Used for Pelagic Fish like Pollock Pelagic Nets, Doors, Light Weight Bobbins 3. Used for Benthic Trawls like Flatfish Benthic Nets & Doors, Rock Hopper Gear 4. Used in Benthic & Pelagic Shrimp Trawls Shrimp Nets - Often Double Haul, 2 NetsFactory Trawler Dutch HarborOtter Trawl Fishing IOtter Trawl Fishing IIOtter Trawl Fishing IIIOtter Trawl Fishing IVOtter Trawl Fishing VOtter Trawl Fishing VIOtter Trawl Fishing VIIOtter Trawl Fishing VIIIFull Cod End - Trawl FishingShrimp Otter TrawlAkutan Trident Processing PlantDutch Harbor & UnalaskaDredging Hard on Bottom - Digs into Substratum Dredges Remove Bottom - Improve Harbors Fishing Dredges - Scallop Dredge Mechanical Rake for Epibenthic Fauna Rocks Can Damage Bivalve Shells Hydraulic Dredge Dislodges Infaunal Species No Hydraulic Dredging in Alaska Cause Serious & Deep Disruption of BottomTrawl - Scallop Dredging Scallop Dredge Trawled Behind Scallop Boat Dredge - Rakes Dig Into Substratum Large Mesh Allows Escape Except for Big Scallops Captured Rocks Can Damage Shells Hydraulic Dredge Used for Infaunal Species No Hydraulic Dredging in Alaska Causes Serious Deep Disruption of BottomScallop Dredge IScallop Dredge IIScallop Dredge VesselHydraulic Clam Dredge Hydraulic Dredge Operated Behind Vessel Hydraulic Jets Penetrate Substratum Loosens Compacted Material - Freeing Infauna Rakes Transport Bivalves to Mesh Bag Major Target Species include Ocean Quahogs Significant Damage to Bottom Fauna & FloraHydraulic Clam Dredge IHydraulic Clam Dredge IIHydraulic Clam Dredge IIIHydraulic Clam Dredge IVHydraulic Clam Dredge VPots 1. For Groundfish, Crab, Shrimp & Octopus 2. Pot is a Live Trap. Surfaces Sloped to Entry - Exit Harder to Find. 3. Durable Frame Covered with Mesh 4. Mesh must be Biodegradable Prevents Ghost Fishing by Lost Pots 5. Generally Baited but Not AlwaysGhost FishingCrab Pot Anatomy King & Tanner: 6’ x 6’ - Most Common Size About 3 ft deep, Weight 700 - 900 lbs Door is Near Bottom - When Stood on End Door Hinges are Twine Door Latches: Metal Hooks on Elastic Bands Frame Usually Welded Rebar Crab Entrance Rectangular Rebar Suspended Held by Twine -Internal to 3x6 SidesPot Attachments Bridle Attached to Pot Top Buoys, 25 fm Shots of Line Tied to Bridle Boom Hook Lifts Pot by Bridle Set in Launcher or Stack on Deck Mesh Tied Taught - Internal to Frame Hanging Bait - Cod etc. Herring Bait in Perforated Plastic Jar Both Clipped to Inside MeshCrab Pot Two Buoys, Bladder Buoy for Visibility Hard Plastic Buoy for Sea Lions Floating Line Shots (25 fm) Tied Together with Carrick Bend Tidal Currents - Can Pull Buoys Under Use Additional Shots of Line Pots Vulnerable to Ice Cuts Line, Gear LostRoutine for Setting Pots I Pull Pot From Stack on Deck Load Pot into Launcher Open Door Remove Buoys & Line Snap in Hanging & Boxed Bait Tie on Additional Line Shots if Needed Close Door and SecureRoutine for Setting Pots II Flip Pot Over Side with Launcher Toss Line, Toss Buoys Load Next Pot From Stack into Launcher Repeat until All Pots Set Distance Between Pots - Time to Clear Pots Set in a String - Crew Clears ~20/hr. State Water Cod, 60 Pot Limit Bering Sea Crab as Many as 200 PotsRoutine for Pulling Pots Throw Grapple Hook Over Buoy Line Pull Line in Place in Power Block Power Block - High Speed Hydraulic Winch Line Shoots from Power Block into Coiler Before Coiler, Deck Hand Coiled - Slow Lift Pot by Bridle to Launcher, Open Door, Spill Crabs onto Sorting Table - Sort Crab Rebait Pot - Launch - Toss Line, Toss BuoysCrab Fishing Crab Sorted: Size & Sex, into Live Tank Return Good Fishing Pots to Same Area, Bad Fishing, Move Pots to New Location Prospecting - Test Fishing Before Season Team Operations - Boats Working Together Keep Fishing Until Live Tank is Full Head to Processor - Crew Sleeps Except for Wheel Watch (Skipper Sleeps)6 x 6 Crab Pots6 x 6 Cod PotsCrab Boat SagaPlugged King Crab PotKing CrabGood Haul King CrabDeck Stack PotsWintertime Crab FishingStackable Crab PotsStandard Dungeness PotDungeness PotsSmall Shrimp PotLarger Shrimp


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UAF FSN 261 - Alaskan Harvesting Gear I

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