Slide 1Chapter 1Overview1.1Computer SystemsHardwareNetworksComputer OrganizationComputer MemoryLarger Data ItemsData or Code?Secondary MemorySecondary Memory MediaMemory AccessThe ProcessorComputer SoftwareComputer InputHigh-level LanguagesLow-level LanguagesCompilersLinkersHistory NoteSection 1.1 Conclusion1.2AlgorithmsProgram DesignProblem Solving PhaseImplementation PhaseObject Oriented ProgrammingOOP CharacteristicsSoftware Life CycleSection 1.2 Conclusion1.3Introduction to C++C++ HistoryA Sample C++ ProgramExplanation of code (1/5)Explanation of code (2/5)Explanation of code (3/5)Explanation of code (4/5)Explanation of code (5/5)Program Layout (1/3)Program Layout (2/3)Program Layout (3/3)Running a C++ ProgramRun a ProgramSection 1.3 Conclusion1.4Testing and DebuggingProgram ErrorsSection 1-4 ConclusionChapter 1 -- EndDisplay 1.1Display 1.2Display 1.3Display 1.4Display 1.5Display 1.6Display 1.7Display 1.8Display 1.9Display 1.10Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyChapter 1Introduction to Computers and C++ ProgrammingSlide 1- 3Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyOverview1.1 Computer Systems 1.2 Programming and Problem Solving1.3 Introduction to C++1.4 Testing and DebuggingCopyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley1.1Computer SystemsSlide 1- 5Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyComputer SystemsA computer program is…A set of instructions for a computer to followComputer software is …The collection of programs used by a computerIncludes:EditorsTranslatorsSystem ManagersSlide 1- 6Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyHardwareThree main classes of computersPCs (Personal Computer)Relatively small used by one person at a timeWorkstationLarger and more powerful than a PCMainframeStill largerRequires support staffShared by multiple usersSlide 1- 7Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyNetworksA number of computers connected to share resourcesShare printers and other devicesShare informationSlide 1- 8Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyDisplay 1.1Computer OrganizationFive main componentsInput devicesAllows communication to the computerOutput devicesAllows communication to the userProcessor (CPU)Main memoryMemory locations containing the running programSecondary memoryPermanent record of data often on a diskSlide 1- 9Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyComputer MemoryMain MemoryLong list of memory locationsEach contains zeros and onesCan change during program executionBinary Digit or BitA digit that can only be zero or oneByteEach memory location has eight bitsAddress Number that identifies a memory locationSlide 1- 10Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyDisplay 1.2 Larger Data ItemsSome data is too large for a single byteMost integers and real numbers are too largeAddress refers to the first byte Next few consecutive bytes can store the additionalbits for larger dataSlide 1- 11Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyData or Code?‘A’ may look like 01000001 65 may look like 01000001An instruction may look like 01000001How does the computer know the meaningof 01000001?Interpretation depends on the current instructionProgrammers rarely need to be concerned with this problem.Reason as if memory locations contain letters and numbers rather than zeroes and onesSlide 1- 12Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleySecondary MemoryMain memory stores instructions and data while a program is running.Secondary memoryStores instructions and data between sessionsA file stores data or instructions in secondary memorySlide 1- 13Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleySecondary Memory MediaA computer might have any of thesetypes of secondary memoryHard diskFastFixed in the computer and not normally removedFloppy diskSlowEasily shared with other computersCompact diskSlower than hard disksEasily shared with other computersCan be read only or re-writableSlide 1- 14Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyMemory AccessRandom Access Usually called RAMComputer can directly access any memory locationSequential AccessData is generally found by searching throughother items firstMore common in secondary memorySlide 1- 15Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyThe ProcessorTypically called the CPUCentral Processing UnitFollows program instructions Typical capabilities of CPU include: addsubtractmultiplydividemove data from location to locationSlide 1- 16Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyComputer SoftwareThe operating system Allows us to communicate with the computerIs a program Allocates the computer’s resourcesResponds to user requests to run other programsCommon operating systems include…UNIX Linux DOSWindows Macintosh VMSSlide 1- 17Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyDisplay 1.3Computer InputComputer input consists of A programSome dataSlide 1- 18Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyHigh-level LanguagesCommon programming languages include … C C++ Java Pascal Visual Basic FORTRAN COBOL Lisp Scheme AdaThese high – level languages Resemble human languagesAre designed to be easy to read and writeUse more complicated instructions than the CPU can followMust be translated to zeros and ones for the CPU to execute a programSlide 1- 19Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Low-level LanguagesAn assembly language command such as ADD X Y Zmight mean add the values found at x and y in memory, and store the result in location z.Assembly language must be translated to machine language (zeros and ones) 0110 1001 1010 1011The CPU can follow machine languageSlide 1-