Chapter 10Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Chloroplasts: The Sites of Photosynthesis in PlantsSlide 9Tracking Atoms Through Photosynthesis: Scientific InquiryThe Splitting of WaterPhotosynthesis as a Redox ProcessThe Two Stages of Photosynthesis: A PreviewSlide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17The Nature of SunlightSlide 19Slide 20Slide 21Photosynthetic Pigments: The Light ReceptorsSlide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Excitation of Chlorophyll by LightSlide 33A Photosystem: A Reaction Center Associated with Light-Harvesting ComplexesSlide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Noncyclic Electron FlowSlide 40Slide 41Cyclic Electron FlowSlide 43A Comparison of Chemiosmosis in Chloroplasts and MitochondriaSlide 45Slide 46Slide 47Slide 48Slide 49Slide 50Slide 51Slide 52Photorespiration: An Evolutionary Relic?C4 PlantsSlide 55Slide 56CAM PlantsSlide 58Slide 59The Importance of Photosynthesis: A ReviewSlide 61Unnumbered Figure p. 200Slide 63Slide 64Slide 65Slide 66Slide 67Slide 68Slide 69Slide 70Slide 71Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsPowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh EditionNeil Campbell and Jane ReeceLectures by Chris RomeroChapter 10Chapter 10PhotosynthesisCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings•Overview: The Process That Feeds the Biosphere•Photosynthesis–Is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energyCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings•Plants and other autotrophs–Are the producers of the biosphereCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings•Plants are photoautotrophs–They use the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules from water and carbon dioxideFigure 10.1Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings•Photosynthesis–Occurs in plants, algae, certain other protists, and some prokaryotesThese organisms use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxideand (in most cases) water. They feed not onlythemselves, but the entire living world. (a) Onland, plants are the predominant producers offood. In aquatic environments, photosyntheticorganisms include (b) multicellular algae, suchas this kelp; (c) some unicellular protists, suchas Euglena; (d) the prokaryotes calledcyanobacteria; and (e) other photosyntheticprokaryotes, such as these purple sulfurbacteria, which produce sulfur (sphericalglobules) (c, d, e: LMs).(a) Plants(b) Multicellular algae(c) Unicellular protist10 m40 m(d) Cyanobacteria1.5 m(e) Pruple sulfurbacteriaFigure 10.2Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings•Heterotrophs–Obtain their organic material from other organisms–Are the consumers of the biosphereCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings•Concept 10.1: Photosynthesis converts light energy to the chemical energy of foodCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsChloroplasts: The Sites of Photosynthesis in Plants•The leaves of plants–Are the major sites of photosynthesisVeinLeaf cross sectionFigure 10.3MesophyllCO2O2StomataCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings•Chloroplasts–Are the organelles in which photosynthesis occurs–Contain thylakoids and granaChloroplastMesophyll5 µmOutermembraneIntermembranespaceInnermembraneThylakoidspaceThylakoidGranumStroma1 µmCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsTracking Atoms Through Photosynthesis: Scientific Inquiry•Photosynthesis is summarized as6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Light energy  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2 OCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsThe Splitting of Water•Chloroplasts split water into–Hydrogen and oxygen, incorporating the electrons of hydrogen into sugar molecules6 CO212 H2OReactants:Products:C6H12O66 H2O 6 O2Figure 10.4Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsPhotosynthesis as a Redox Process•Photosynthesis is a redox process–Water is oxidized, carbon dioxide is reducedCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsThe Two Stages of Photosynthesis: A Preview•Photosynthesis consists of two processes–The light reactions–The Calvin cycleCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings•The light reactions–Occur in the grana–Split water, release oxygen, produce ATP, and form NADPHCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings•The Calvin cycle–Occurs in the stroma–Forms sugar from carbon dioxide, using ATP for energy and NADPH for reducing powerCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings•An overview of photosynthesisH2OCO2LightLIGHT REACTIONSCALVINCYCLEChloroplast[CH2O](sugar)NADPHNADP ADP+ PO2Figure 10.5ATPCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings•Concept 10.2: The light reactions convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPHCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsThe Nature of Sunlight•Light–Is a form of electromagnetic energy, which travels in wavesCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings•Wavelength–Is the distance between the crests of waves–Determines the type of electromagnetic energyCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings•The electromagnetic spectrum–Is the entire range of electromagnetic energy, or radiationGammaraysX-rays UV InfraredMicro-wavesRadiowaves10–5 nm10–3 nm1 nm103 nm106 nm1 m106 nm103 m380 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 nmVisible lightShorter wavelengthHigher energyLonger wavelengthLower energyFigure 10.6Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings•The visible light spectrum–Includes the colors of light we can see–Includes the wavelengths that drive photosynthesisCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsPhotosynthetic Pigments: The Light Receptors•Pigments–Are substances that absorb visible lightCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings–Reflect light, which include the colors we seeLightReflectedLight ChloroplastAbsorbedlight GranumTransmittedlight Figure 10.7Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing