Organizational Conflict- Constructive conflict- focuses on solving problems, achieving goals and strengthening relationshipso Allows for growth and changeo Opportunity to resolve differences in opiniono Forum for unifying groups of employeeso Enhances productivity and commitment- Destructive conflict- dysfunctional handling that affects goals, decisions and relationshipso Negativity influenced by lack of agreement, can produce hostility and animosityo Respective positions are stubbornly reinforcedo Employees become divisive and decrease productivity, satisfaction and commitment- Conflict- the integration of interdependent people who perceive opposition of goals, aims, values and who see other party as potentially interfering with the realization of goalso Interaction- expression of incompatibility, communication about issueso Interdependent- behaviors of employees are intertwined and impact one another o Incompatible goals- contradictory ideas about a variety of organizational issuesLevels of Conflict- Interpersonal level- individual members perceive incompatibilityo Could involve emotional or personal differences- Intergroup level- aggregates of employees who perceive incompatibility with other groups- Inter-organizational level- disputes between two or more organizationso May involve competition for scarce resources between multiple organizations in the same industryPhases of Organizational Conflict- Latent conflict- potential for conflict exists. This is before you begin to feel it. Potential conflict existso Can be influenced by interests, culture and interaction history- Perceived conflict- when one or more parties believe incompatibility or conflict exists.o Conflict is emerging, influenced by a stimulating event- Felt conflict- parties begin to devise managing strategies- Manifest conflict- communication about conflicto Enactment of conflict management strategies- Conflict aftermath- impact of conflict on immediate and distant futureo Long and short term change resulting from conflictManaging Organizational Conflict- Avoidance- denial of problem, evasion of confrontationo Useful when issue is of minor importanceo Can be unproductive when issues must be discussed- Accommodation- deemphasizing personal needs to give in to another individualo Useful when preservation of relationship is importanto Unproductive when important issues are evaded- Competition- exerting force or authority over another party, when two people butt heads over an issue… ALL OR NOTHINGo Useful when power has been mutually acknowledgedo Unproductive when less powerful parties lack change to speak or stand up for themselves or express their perspective- Compromise- each party give ground to reach solution. Both people back down a bito Useful when parties have enough resources to yieldo Unproductive when conclusion fails to reach effectiveness- Collaboration- cooperative combination of resources and ideas. Both parties get what they wanto Useful when time is available to complete processo Unproductive when time, abilities and commitment are absentAntisocial Communication Behavior- This is considered the communication that is intended to harm others- Objective- the reason or goal for using antisocial behavioro Affective- intention to harm another person Involves emotions because we dislike someoneo Instrumental- intention to achieve a goal That person has something we want- Means- the way antisocial behavior is accomplished or realizedo Physical harm- attacking another person’s bodyo Verbal harm- use of words to inflict symbolic wounds to another person OCCURS MOST OFTEN!- Execution- how antisocial behavior is performedo Active- actual performance of behaviors directly to persono Passive- withholding important information from someone to inflict harm (manipulative)- Source- originator of antisocial behavior ( the one performing the behavior)o Direct- occurring face to face. Directly in front of one anothero Indirect- harm delivered through intermediary or to valuables. Going behind someone’s back to betray themTypes of antisocial behavior- Verbal Aggressiveness- messages to harm someone’s self-concept and inflict psychological harm- Indirect Interpersonal Aggression- Harm caused without using face-to-face communication. (Passive strategy)o Spreading rumors, betraying the confidence of a coworker, preventing flow of information- Obstructionism- interfering with another’s job. Making them look bad. Doing somethingto their car, computer- Deception- dishonestyReasons for antisocial communication behavior- Downsizing- trimming payroll, reducing members- Pressure for greater productivity- New social contract- organizations expecting greater productivity, longer hours and enhancing loyalty all for less pay and less stability- Organizational values- a lot of individualization exists- Work group norms- people may be expected to have the antisocial style- Perceptions of unfairnessPrevention of antisocial communication behavior- Organizational justice- perceptions of fairness and evaluations regarding appropriateness of workplace outcomes of processes3 types of organizational justice- Distributive justice- perceptions of fairness and outcomes received based on standard, outcome or rule- Procedural- perceptions of fairness about process used to arrive at outcomes- Interactional- perceptions of fairness of communication when procedures are implementedEmotions in the workplace- Major part of organizational life- Emotions are expressed through the communication we have- Help build, maintain, damage and repair relationships- Four components to emotionso Cognitive appraisal of events (elaborating and giving the emotions thought)o Feeling of action (we feel a response to a triggering event)o Internal feeling (something is boiling up inside of us, anger/happiness)o External physical characteristics (how we show it, smiling/frowning)Process of emotional expressions- Nonverbal cues- signs associated with affective stateso Appropriateness- conformity to social norms of organizationo Authenticity- reveling true feelings of communicators Is the emotion actually being felt and is it real?o Consistency- pattern of emotional expression- Words/language- symbols used to convey emotion (utterances to convey our emotions)o Emotion words- labels used for coworkers and work (angry coworker/frustrating job)o Slogans- capture essence