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TAMU PSYC 320 - Ch 12 Sound Localization

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Slide 1Slide 2Visual stimuliSlide 4Slide 5Law of similaritySlide 7Slide 8Slide 9Perceptual organizationSlide 11Syntax in languageSound localizationSlide 14Slide 15Slide 16Identifying the sound source in the horizontal coordinateSlide 18Identifying the sound source in the elevation coordinateSlide 20Information about distanceThe physiological basis for localizationSlide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37ch 12 1Sensation & PerceptionCh. 12: Sound Localization© Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)Main topicsAuditory localizationPerceptual groupingch 12 2•Dan Levitin and his interview (NPR)•http://www.psych.mcgill.ca/levitin/ch 12 3Visual stimuli•Perceptual organizationch 12 4ch 12 5ch 12 6Law of similaritySimilar things are put togetherch 12 7ch 12 8Do you see a spinal motion? This picture is called “Dance.” Do you see why?ch 12 9Morandi: cups and boxesMorandi: Matura morta IIch 12 10Perceptual organization•Grouping in music?•Demonstration–Structure in musicch 12 11•Demonstration•Listen to music (Beethoven, symphony #5)•Listen to music (Norah Jones “Don’t know why”)•Listen to music (Lauryn Hill)Syntax in languagech 12 12I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked,Angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly connection to the starry dynamo in the machinery of night,Who poverty and taters and hollow-eyed and high sat up smoking in the supernatural darkness of cold-water flats floating across the tops of cities contemplating jazz.who bared their brains to Heaven under the El and saw Mohammedan angels staggering on tenement roofs illuminated,who passed through universities with radiant eyes hallucinating Arkansas and Blake-light tragedy among the scholars of war,who were expelled from the academies for crazy & publishing obscene odes on the windows of the skull,…..(A. Ginsberg, “Howl” 1927-1997)ch 12 13Sound localization•Demonstration:–Where does this sound come from?–YouTube Ventriloquist (America's Got Talent) •http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNJ02rxaNrsch 12 14ch 12 15•3 different coordinates–The horizontal coordinate–The elevation coordinate–The distance coordinatech 12 16Figure 12.2 Measurements of sound localization ability. Red squares indicate the actual sound locations, and the circles are the listeners’ estimates of their location. Longer lines connecting the squares and circles indicates less accurate localization.ch 12 17Identifying the sound source in the horizontal coordinate•Interaural differences–Interaural time differences•Capture the difference in the time that a sound reaches the left and right ears–Interaural level differences•Capture the difference in the level of the sound intensity (sound pressure level) that a sound reaches the left and right earsch 12 18ch 12 19Identifying the sound source in the elevation coordinate•Spectral cues–Capture the way the head and pinnae affect sound frequenciesch 12 20•Depending on the level of elevation, the same sound enters the ears in a different manner.ch 12 21Information about distance•Different sound levels•Frequency–atmospheric perspective (vision)–The quality of sound (frequency) is modified by the atmosphere.•Movement parallax–The nearby sound moves quickly than the far away sound.•Direct sound vs. reflected sound–Nearby sound tend to be direct, distant sound tends to be indirectch 12 22The physiological basis for localizationch 12 23•Interaural time difference detectors–E.g., a neuron that responds best when a sound reaches the left ear first and the right ear (vice versa) 1 millisecond later.ch 12 24Left Ear Right EarThe same timech 12 25Left Ear Right EarThe same timech 12 26Left Ear Right EarThe same timech 12 27Left Ear Right EarThe same timech 12 28Left Ear Right EarThe same timech 12 29Left Ear Right EarThe same timech 12 30Left Ear Right EarDifferent timech 12 31Left Ear Right EarDifferent timech 12 32Left Ear Right EarDifferent timech 12 33Left Ear Right EarDifferent timech 12 34Left Ear Right EarDifferent timech 12 35Left Ear Right EarDifferent timech 12 36Left Ear Right EarDifferent timech 12 37Left Ear Right EarDifferent


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