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UMD HIST 282 - Final Exam Review Sheet

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HIST282/JWST234Final Exam Review SheetSome Dates (all CE)66–70 Judaean revolt against Rome (final operations, e.g., Masada, extend to ca. 74)115–117 Revolt of Jews in Egypt, Cyrene, Cyprus; and Jewish anti-Roman violence in Mesopotamia in response toRoman invasian.132–135 Bar Kokhba (Bar Kosiba) revolt in Palestineca. 200 Mishnah224–642 Sasanian Empire304–337 Constantine, Roman emperor. Milvian Bridge 311; conquest of the eastern (and consequently entire) Empire 324ca. 400(?) Palestinian Talmud354–430 St. Augustine—important for articulating the place of Jews in Christian society5th–7th Palestinian “aggadic” texts6th–7th? Babylonian Talmud527–565 Justinian emperor of Eastern (but expanded) empire.571–632 Muhammad. Hijra 622.632– Islamic conquests in Roman and Persian empires (Jerusalem, 637)660–750 Umayyad Caliphate749–1258 Abbasid Caliphate756–1031 Umayyad Caliphate in Spain7th–1035 “Period of Geonim” (1035 is the date of the death of Hai Gaon)1095 First crusade called. Violence against Jews, 10961215 Fourth Lateran Council1242 Burning of Talmud by Dominican friars1290 Expulsion of Jews from England1297, 1306 Expulsion of Jews from France1348–49 Black Death1492 Expulsion of Jews from Spain1497 Expulsion of Jews from PortugalSome Terms, Concepts, and PersonsNB: NOT EXCLUSIVE: See the “key terms” in the syllabus for each lectureAggadahAmoraim/AmoraicBabylonia/PalestineBaghdadBaraitaBar Kokhba/KosibaBlood LibelChartersConstantineConversosCrusadesDhimmiDoctrine of Witness (Augustine)Exilarch/Resh GalutaGaonHadithHalachahHaside Ashkenaz (German Pietists)Host DesecrationImperial Roman legislationJesusJudah the Patriarch (nasi)Khalifa (Caliph)KaraitesLiturgy:Shema‘‘AmidahMaimonidesCode of LawGuide to the PerplexedMaimonidean controv.Martyrdom (Jewish)MidrashMasadaMishnahMoneylending Moses de LeonPact of ‘UmarPatriarch (Nasi’)PiyyutPhilosophy (Jewish)QabbalahQur’anRabbisRabbanitesRashiRoman empireSaadiah GaonSasanian empireSepharad/AshkenazServi cameraeSura/PumbeditahSynagogueTalmudTannaim/TannaiticTosafotToseftaTradeZoharA. Long Essay: All students answer this question.Diaspora:The first lecture of the course presented the idea of diaspora as a significant theme in this course. Define the term as it applies to the history of Judaism in antiquity and the middle ages, and discuss up to three ways that an experience of diaspora is significant for understanding the history of Jews or Judaism. (By way of illustration only, consider language use or cultural life, political circumstances, or economics.) Your essay should have a clear and identifiable thesis, cover (through comparison or contrast) at least two periods examined in the course, and should amply illustrate your argument from primary and secondary sources (three each).B. Short Essays: Three of the following topics will appear on your exam, and you will be asked to address two of them in a clear essay. Each essay should have a clear and identifiable thesis, and make appropriate use of primary sources (at least two), and refer to at least one relevant secondary source. Please be concrete. Avoid global generalizations like “The Bible is the central book of the Jewish faith”; “From time immemorial Jews have been committed to the study of Torah”; “The difference between men and women is one of the major issues of history.”1. Rabbinic Culture The rabbinic movement emerged in the Roman period, and by the medieval period it became the dominant form of Judaism. Describe the principle texts of rabbinic literature, and the way that the rabbis and their literature shaped the culture of the Middle Ages. Your discussion should include the role that Torah-study played in the Jewish communities of the middle ages including childhood education, curriculum in higher education, and possible divergences between Jewish communities in terms of patterns of study.2. Bible in Jewish CultureIn what way(s) has the “birth” of the Bible shaped Jewish culture? Your essay should discuss what is meant by the birth of the Bible, when this process was taking place, and some of the roles the Bible played in Jewish society. You may also wish to compare or contrast the role of the Bible in the period of the birth of the Bible to its role in another period we have studied. 3. Legal Position of Jews in the Middle AgesWhat was the legal position of Jews in the middle ages and how did it differ in Islamic and Christian lands? Your essay should include a discussion of the legacy of Roman law in the Christian and perhaps the Islamic world, the nature of Jews’ place in society (were they “citizens”?), and some of the principal sources for understanding Jews status. How does this status compare with the legal position of Jews in at least one other period we studied in this course. 4. Women in Jewish HistoryChoosing one period or comparing two periods discuss the place of women in Jewish History in antiquity and/or the middle ages. In what ways does the history of women and/or gender require us to ask different questions than does the “general” history of Jews and why? (Consider, e.g., sources and who produced them; principal concerns like marriage and access to education vs. community leadership and famous books and authors). How does shifting our attention to include women change our understanding of the history of Judaism in the period(s) you are discussing.5. Violence against Jews in the Middle Ages“Throughout the Middle Ages the Jews suffered from persecution.” Explain why this statement is at least an over-generalization if not outright wrong. Your explanation should discuss how attention to the specifictiming, location, and cultural context of violence against Jews help give us a more nuanced view of anti-Jewish


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UMD HIST 282 - Final Exam Review Sheet

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