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UA FSHD 323 - study guide part 3

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FSHD 323Fall 2013Study Guide: Final Exam (part 3 of 4)Risky & Diverse Family Contexts: Chapter 14 and 15Define, recognize and provide examples of:- Spill-over effect: Conflict between the partners can affect the relationship between the parents and the children- Constructive conflict: Resolved in a positive way using affection, problem solving,and emotional support; associated with positive emotional support- Parentification (emotional & instrumental): process of role reversal whereby a child is obligated to act as a parent to their own parents Emotional- must take on the role of a confident or mediator between parents Instrument- child completing physical tasks for the family Key concepts- Describe the direct and indirect effects of marital conflict on childrenAssociated with externalizing (acting out) and internalizing (depression) in childrenDirect- witness arguments, feels caught in the middle and confused, leads to behavior problemsIndirect- parenting behaviors- angry, unresponsive, inconsistent, absent, reducedmonitoring, marital conflict leads to behavior problems and compromised parenting - Describe factors that often accompany divorce that sometimes negatively affect children- Describe the general long-term and short-term effects of divorce on childrenShort term- thoughts of guilt; become aggressive or lashing out, emotionally needy, school might be affected, grief or lossLong term- get married at an earlier age, suffer from drug addictions, anti-social behavior or behavioral problems, might separate or divorce themselves - Describe ways to help children adjust to their parents’ divorce Always tell the truth, avoid blaming, address the changes, have them express their feelings, - Describe the family stress process model illustrating how poverty affects children through family functioningStress associated with poverty interferes with marital and parental functioning2FSHD 323Fall 2013Often leads to negative child developmental outcomes- Describe child development among children raised in gay and lesbian parent familiesChildren tend to develop the same as children of heterosexual parentsThey adopt heterosexual lifestyles and their concept of gender rolesQuality of parenting still mattersMedia: Chapter 13Define, recognize and provide examples of:- Magic window thinking: the tendency of very young children to believe that TV images are real By age 4: they realize that TV is symbolic, but can be confused sometimesBy age 7: fully grasp the unreality of TV- Orienting response: tendency to pay attention to novel, moving, meaningful, or surprising stimuli Key concepts- Describe 4 factors that influence the positive and negative effects of TV on childrenCognitive impacts: Increase the chances they will believe and imitate what they see; they have difficulty connecting separate TV scenes into a meaningful story lineAttention: more cognitive benefits from human interactions; older children watching TV interferes with attention and is related to greater impulsivityViolence / Aggression: 6 out of 10 shows are violent- media watching and aggression can be interlinked Attitudes: positive association between tv viewing and endorsement of stereotypic viewsGender stereotypes are especially prevalent in commercials, cartoons, music 2FSHD 323Fall 2013videos and other programs aimed at children- Describe why the Am. Acad. Of Pediatrics recommends no screen time for ages 0-2Orientating response- Describe the associations between media use and children’s aggressive and violent behaviorsPositive correlation between media violence and aggression is nearly as high as the correlation between smoking and lung cancerPreschool and young kids are more likely to imitate what they watch Violent Tv and games are linked with violent thoughts and thinking Less likely if aggression is punished- Describe the relationships between media exposure and the development of children’s attitudes regarding stereotypes, unrealistic expectations and consumerismPositive association between tv viewing and endorsement of stereotypic viewsGender stereotypes are especially prevalent in commercials, cartoons, music videos and other programs aimed at childrenConsumerism- advertising is 20,000 commercials a yearChildren may not pay close attention, but they are influenced Suggests that it contributes to a variety of problemsUnrealistic expectations0 body image and career choices


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