Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Chapter 3Gene Alignments: Investigating Antibiotic ResistanceFigure 3.1: Agricultural use of antibiotics: a controversial topic with major medical consequencesCows: Courtesy of Scott Bauer/USDA ARS; pills: © AbleStockFigure 3.2: Vertical and horizontal gene transferFigure 3.3: How exposure to antibiotics selects for the survival of resistant cells in a population of bacteriaFigure 3.4: A plasmid carrying an antibiotic-resistance gene can be transferred to a new cell by conjugationFigure 3.5: Determining the similarity of two or more genes by aligning their nucleotide sequences as well as possible; the differences due to mutation are shown in boxesFigure 3.6a: Sample results of a BLAST search for database sequences matching a nucleotide query sequence: (A) graphical summary of resultsFigure 3.6b: Sample results of a BLAST search for database sequences matching a nucleotide query sequence: (B) table of scoresFigure 3.6c: Sample results of a BLAST search for database sequences matching a nucleotide query sequence: (C) alignmentsFigure 3.7: Sample output from a ClustalW multiple sequence alignmentFigure 3.8: Completed scoring matrix showing three possible alignment pathsFigure 3.T1: Example of a Perl array named @numbers having six elements (numbered 0 through 5) with values as shownFigure 3.9: A local alignment will allow us to find the similarity in two sequences that are not similar along their entire
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