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O-K-State BAE 2023 - LECTURE NOTES

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1/14/2009 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials1Welcome to:BAE 2023 Physical Properties of Biological MaterialsM, F 2:30 – 3:29W 2:30 – 4:20, 3:30 – 5:20122 Ag Hall Dr. Jones1/14/2009 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials2The BasicsÆ Name, hometown, classification, one cool thing you did over Christmas breakÆ Class website: http://biosystems.okstate.edu/Home/jcarol/index.htmlÆ Syllabus, outline, scheduleÆ Book1/14/2009 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials3Why are we taking this course?Æ What is a biological material?Æ Difference of materials we work with and materials other engineers work with?Æ Homogeneous = sameÆ Heterogeneous = diverseÆ Ag materials …heterogeneousÆ Food products…homogeneous, usually1/14/2009 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials4Æ What causes the variability…–Moisture content–Susceptibility to chemical reactions–Living cells respire–Mechanical properties•Viscoelastic behavior1/14/2009 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials5Æ Examples of interactions and accommodations of variability–Wheat…• Harvest with combine…size, shape, density, aerodynamic properties for sorting kernels from chaff and straw. • Control kernel damage during handling…response of kernels to impact loading, frictional properties through chutes and augers• Storage and market value…moisture content and protein determined using dielectric properties and NIRIrrigatedDryland1/14/2009 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials6Æ Examples of interactions and accommodations of variability–Wheat…• Flour mill…kernel hardness for grinding…wheat is the only cereal flour strong and cohesive enough in dough stage to retain gas during baking due to gluten content• Baking…deformation characteristics of dough and finished loaf1/14/2009 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials7Æ Examples of interactions and accommodations of variability– Seed planting…one kind of seed or many kinds of seeds…size and shape for plate design– Fruit processing into juice…juice yield vs. compression time and force…– Fruit juice/puree…juice is Newtonion, puree is non-Newtonion…info needed to determine flowrate through pumping equipment.1/14/2009 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials8Æ Examples of interactions and accommodations of variability1/14/2009 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials9Æ Examples of interactions and accommodations of variability– Popcorn kernel color…optical properties used to sort dark kernels from yellow or white kernels– Animal selection for breeding programs…ultrasound used to determine fat and muscle content / location on live animals– Gravel/sand for concrete…forces required for size reduction, angle of repose in piles for storage…1/14/2009 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials10Æ Information confounded by irregular shape, heterogeneous nature and viscoelasticmoisture dependent properties of biological materialsÆ Difficult to mathematically describe the deformation and heat and mass transfer.1/14/2009 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials11Homework #11. Question 1.6 in your book…research your answer2. Go to www.asabe.org1. Click on “Technical Library”2. Search for an article having to do with physical properties of a biomaterial3. Write a one page summary of the article (in your own words). Be sure to include the citation referencing the article in ASABE format.4. Example….1/14/2009 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials12Example of ASABE citation formatJournal article…Smith, A., B. Brown, and C. White. 2003. Why peaches turn brown. Transactions of the ASABE 50(3):180-185.Meeting paper….Anthony, W. S. 1998. Performance characteristics of cotton ginning machinery. ASAE Paper No. 981010. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.1/14/2009 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials13Example of article summaryWhy Peaches Turn BrownObjectives of the paper:Using hyperspectral sensing techniques, researchers looked for a way to predict brown flesh in peaches and the cause of the brown flesh in peaches.Methods and Materials:Researchers used a hyperspectrometer to investigate 49 peaches that had been subjected to known deterioration causes such as freezing, bruising, and excess heat. Seven sets of seven peaches were tested in the laboratory. Spectral data from 300 nm to 2400 nm were collected and processed by the statistical software package SAS. Conclusions:Using the spectrometer, bruising and freezing damage could be predicted 49% of the time while heat damage could be predicted 77% of the time. Significance:Peach buyers could use this method to determine which peaches to buy with the idea in mind that they would last longer. Peaches with a higher prediction of deterioration could be culled by sorting machinery to provide a higher grade lot of peaches for sale.Reference:Smith, A., B. Brown, and C. White. 2003. Why peaches turn brown. Transactions of the ASABE 50(3):180-185.1/14/2009 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials14Example of answer for other questionsOn engineering paper…written in pencil…folded in half…name on outside of paper…Question 1.7: (rewrite the question here)Given: (sort out the variables and facts here)Solution: (give your answer here with all work shown for calculations. When using an equation, show which equation you used before you substitute values for the variables.)Answer: Circle or underline your final answerThis is what it will look like…. (example)….1/14/2009 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials151/14/2009 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials16Dr. Jones216 Ag


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