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U of M HLTH 2030 - Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

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Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous TissueIntroductionNervous System FunctionsSlide 4OrganizationOrganizationOrganization of the Nervous SystemSlide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Peripheral Nervous SystemSlide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Organization of ANSNervous TissueThe NeuronNeuronsSlide 23Slide 24Slide 25The Cell BodyPowerPoint PresentationSlide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Neuron ProcessesSlide 37Slide 38Slide 39DendritesSlide 41AxonsSlide 43Slide 44Slide 45Slide 46Slide 47Slide 48AxonSlide 50SynapsesSlide 52Slide 53Slide 54Slide 55Slide 56Slide 57Slide 58Slide 59Slide 60Slide 61Slide 62Slide 63SynapseSignals Carried by NeuronsSlide 66Slide 67Slide 68Slide 69Slide 70Slide 71Slide 72Slide 73Slide 74Slide 75Slide 76Classification of NeuronsClassification of NeuronsSlide 79Slide 80Slide 81Slide 82Slide 83Slide 84Functional ClassificationSlide 86Sensory NeuronsSlide 88Sensory NeuronMotor NeuronsSlide 91Interneuron or Association NeuronsInterneuron NeuronsInterneuronsSupporting CellsSlide 96Supporting Cells in the CNSSlide 98AstrocytesSlide 100Slide 101Slide 102Slide 103MicroglialSlide 105Slide 106Slide 107EpendymalSlide 109Slide 110Oligodendro- cytesNeuroglia in the PNSSatellite CellsSchwann CellsMyelin SheathsSlide 116Slide 117Myelin Sheaths in PNSMyelin Sheaths in the PNSSlide 120Myelin Sheaths - PNSSlide 122Slide 123Slide 124Myelin SheathSlide 126Myelin Sheaths of the PNSMyelin Sheaths in the CNSMyelin Sheaths - PNSMyelin Processes - PNSSlide 131Slide 132Slide 133Slide 134CNS AxonsSlide 136Graded PotentialSlide 138Synaptic PotentialSlide 140Slide 141Neural IntegrationNeuronal PoolsSlide 144Slide 145Slide 146Types of CircuitsDiverging CircuitsSlide 149Converging CircuitsSlide 151Reverberating (oscillating) CircuitsSlide 153Parallel After-Discharge CircuitsSlide 155Patterns of Neural ProcessingSerial ProcessingParallel ProcessingSlide 159Slide 160Slide 161ReflexesReflex ArcsSlide 164Serial Processing: A Reflex ArcSlide 166Slide 167Slide 168Reflex Arcs - MonosynapticSlide 170Slide 171Slide 172Reflex Arcs - PolysynapticSlide 174Slide 175Slide 176Slide 177Design of the Nervous SystemSlide 179Slide 180Slide 181Slide 182Slide 183Slide 184Slide 185Slide 186Slide 187Slide 188Slide 189Nervous Tissue DevelopmentSlide 191Slide 192Slide 193Slide 194Slide 195Slide 196Nervous System DevelopmentSlide 198Slide 199Slide 200Slide 201Slide 202Slide 203Slide 204Slide 205Slide 206Slide 207Slide 208Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous TissueChapter 12IntroductionThe nervous system is the master controlling and communicating system of the bodyIt is responsible for all behaviorAlong with the endocrine system it is responsible for regulating and maintaining body homeostasisCells of the nervous system communicate by means of electrical signalsNervous System FunctionsThe nervous system has three overlapping functionsGathering of sensory inputIntegration or interpretation of sensory inputCausation of a response or motor outputIntroductionSensory inputThe nervous system has millions of sensory receptors to monitor both internal and external changeIntegrationIt processes and interprets the sensory input and makes decisions about what should be done at each moment Motor outputCauses a response by activating effector organs (muscles and glands)OrganizationThere is only one, highly integrated nervous system Basic divisions of the nervous systemCentral Nervous SystemsPeripheral Nervous SystemOrganization In order to discuss the nervous in smaller portions, for convenience the nervous system is divided into two partsThe central nervous system•Brain and spinal cord•Integrative and control centersThe peripheral nervous system•Spinal and cranial nerves•Communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the bodyOrganization of the Nervous SystemOrganizationThe peripheral nervous system has two fundamental subdivisionsSensory (afferent) division•Somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibers•Consists of nerve fibers carrying impulses to the central nervous systemMotor (efferent) division•Motor nerve fibers•Conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors–(glands and muscles)Organization of the Nervous SystemOrganizationThe motor division of the peripheral nervous system has two main subdivisionsThe Somatic motor•Voluntary motor•Conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscleThe Visceral motor•Involuntary motor•Conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands •Equivalent to the autonomic nervous system (ANS)Organization of the Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous SystemOrganization of the Nervous SystemSomatic sensoryThe sensory receptors that are spread widely throughout the outer tube of the bodyThese include the many senses experienced on the skin and in the body wall, such as touch, pain, pressure, vibration and temperatureProprioception provides feedback from the stretch of the muscles, tendons and joint capsules - your “body sense”Organization of the Nervous SystemSomatic sensoryThe special somatic senses are receptors are more localized and specializedThe special senses include; sight, hearing, balance, smell and taste.Organization of the Nervous SystemVisceral sensoryThe general visceral senses include stretch, pain, and temperature which can be felt widely in the digestive and urinary tracts, reproductive organs, and other visceraSensations such as hunger and nausea are also general visceral sensationsThe chemical senses such as taste and smell are considered by some as special visceral sensesOrganization of the Nervous SystemSomatic motorThe general somatic motor is part of the PNS that stimulates contraction of the skeletal muscle in the bodyAlso referred to as voluntary nervous systemSkeletal muscles are widely distributed throughout the body, and therefore there is no special somatic motor categoryOrganization of the Nervous SystemVisceral motorThe general visceral motor part of the PNS regulates the contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle and secretion by the body’s many glandsGeneral visceral motor neurons make up the autonomic nervous (ANS) which controls the function of the visceral organsOrganization of the Nervous SystemVisceral motorBecause we generally have no voluntary control over such activities as the pumping of the heart and movement of


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U of M HLTH 2030 - Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

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