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CORNELL CS 501 - Lecture 4 Project Management

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CS 501: Software EngineeringAdministrationOS 360The Aim of Project ManagementAspects of Project ManagementTerminologySlide 7General Approach to Project PlanningProject Planning MethodsA Simple Gantt ChartGantt ChartsA More Complex Gantt ChartActivity GraphExample: Activity Graph for a Distance Learning CourseScheduling: BackgroundCritical Path MethodTime Estimates for Activities (Weeks)Earliest Start DatesLatest Start DatesCritical PathSlackEstimating the Time for an ActivityStart-up TimeFinal Analysis with Critical Path MethodAdding Resources to Activity Graph or Gantt ChartUsing Critical Path Method for ResourcesKey Personnel: The Mythical Man MonthThe Project Manager1CS 501 Spring 2008CS 501: Software EngineeringLecture 4Project Management2CS 501 Spring 2008AdministrationProjects•Announcements by project teamsQuiz 1•Quiz 1 is next Thursday. Information is posted on the web site.Office hours• No office hours on Tuesday, February 5.3CS 501 Spring 2008OS 360The operating system for the IBM 360 was two years late.Question: How does a project get two years behind schedule?Answer: One day at a time!Fred Brooks Jr., The Mythical Man Month4CS 501 Spring 2008The Aim of Project ManagementTo complete a project:• On time• On budget• With required functionality• To the satisfaction of the client• Without exhausting the teamTo provide visibility about the progress of a project5CS 501 Spring 2008Aspects of Project ManagementPlanning• Outline schedule during feasibility study• Detailed schedule at the beginning of a project or phase of a projectProgress tracking• Regular comparison of progress against planFinal analysis• Analysis of project for improvements during next project6CS 501 Spring 2008TerminologyDeliverableWork product that is provided to the customer (report, presentation, documentation, code, etc.)MilestoneCompletion of a specified set of activities (e.g., delivery of a deliverable, completion of a process step)7CS 501 Spring 2008TerminologyActivityPart of a project that takes place over time (also known as a task).EventThe end of a group of activities.DependencyAn activity that cannot begin until some event is reachedResourceStaff time, equipment, or other limited resources required by an activity.8CS 501 Spring 2008General Approach to Project PlanningIdentify deliverables and milestonesDivide project into activities (tasks)For each activity estimate:• time to complete from when activity begins• dependencies on events before beginning• resource requirementsBuild a model that uses this data to create a work-plan, including schedule, resource allocation, and flexibility9CS 501 Spring 2008Project Planning MethodsCritical Path Method, Gantt charts, Activity bar charts, etc. • Build a work-plan from activity data.• Display work-plan in graphical form.Project planning software (e.g., Microsoft Project)• Maintain a database of activities and related data• Calculate and display schedules• Provide progress reports10CS 501 Spring 2008A Simple Gantt ChartSource: Microsoft using Excel11CS 501 Spring 2008Gantt Charts• Dates run along the top (days, weeks or months).• Each row represents an activity. Activities may be scheduled sequentially, in parallel or overlapping. • The schedule for an activity is a horizontal bar. The left end marks the planned beginning of the task. The right end marks the expected end date. • The chart may be updated by filling in each activity to a length proportional to the work accomplished. • Progress to date can be compared with the plan by drawing a vertical line through the chart at the current date.12CS 501 Spring 2008A More Complex Gantt ChartSource: SmartDraw13CS 501 Spring 2008Activity GraphAn activity (task)A dummy activity (dependency)An eventA milestoneA scheduling technique that emphasizes dependencies14CS 501 Spring 2008Example: Activity Graph for a Distance Learning CourseSTARTEdit 1Script TVMake TVEdit 2Prototype SoftwareWriteSoftwareDocumentSoftwareMailPlan TVPlan 1Write 1Plan 2Plan SoftwareWrite 2Typeset 1Typeset 2Print15CS 501 Spring 2008Scheduling: BackgroundPERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique introduced by the U.S. Navy in 1957 to support the development of its Polaris submarine missile program.PERT/TimeActivity graph with three time estimates (shortest, most probable, longest) on each activity to compute schedules.PERT/CostAdded scheduling of resources (e.g., facilities, skilled people, etc.)16CS 501 Spring 2008Critical Path MethodUses Activity Graph with single time estimate for each activity to estimate:earliest start date -- every activity begins at first possible timelatest start date -- every activity begins at the last possible timeslack -- difference between the latest and earliest start datesA standard method for managing large construction projects.On big projects, activity graphs with more than 10,000 activities are common.17CS 501 Spring 2008Time Estimates for Activities (Weeks)64223333821 1412121418CS 501 Spring 2008Earliest Start Dates6422333382114121214011212417192352522171715158202324All activities beginning at a given event have the same earliest start date.Earliest start dates in red19CS 501 Spring 2008Latest Start Dates6 4223333821141212111121413152023 2425422017171018172019Each event must be achieved by the date shown or the final date will not be met.Latest start dates in blue20CS 501 Spring 2008Critical Path0/01/1112/1212/144/1315/15 17/1717/1717/1719/2022/23 23/2425/25Every activity on the critical path must begin on the earliest start date.Critical path in orange21CS 501 Spring 2008Slack0/01/1117/1723/2412212/1212/144/1315/15 17/1717/17 19/2022/2325/2548123 23124433611Slack of activity = (latest start)end - (earliest start)begin - (time estimate)101000 000099222311115Slack in purple22CS 501 Spring 2008Estimating the Time for an ActivityWith experienced staff, estimating the actual time to carry out a single task is usually fairly accurate, but ...The little bits and pieces are underestimated•The time from almost "done" to completely "done" is much longer than anticipated. (There's just one thing to tidy up. I need to put the comments into better shape. I really should get rid of that patch.)•The distractions are not planned for. (My system crashed and I decided to upgrade the software. My child's school was closed because of snow. I spent the day showing visitors around.) Some things have to be done twice.23CS 501 Spring 2008Start-up


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CORNELL CS 501 - Lecture 4 Project Management

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