Lecture 1 Energy Generation Prof Park UTI 111 Essex County College Force Energy and Power Force N mass kg x acceleration m s2 Energy Joule Force N x Distance m Power W Energy Joule Time s Forms of Energy Thermal Energy heat Chemical Energy Fuels or Batteries Kinetic Energy Moving substances Electrical Energy Gravitational Potential Energy Mechanical Energy Nuclear Energy Laws of Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics In any transformation of energy from one form to another the total quantity of energy remains unchanged That is energy is always conserved Second Law of Thermodynamics When we convert energy from one form to another the useful output is never as much as the input That is there is a limit to the efficiency of any heat engine world consumption for most types of primary energy resources Fuel type Average power in TW 12 1980 2004 2006 Oil 4 38 5 58 5 74 Gas 1 80 3 45 3 61 Coal 2 34 3 87 4 27 Hydroelectric 0 599 0 933 0 995 Nuclear 0 253 0 914 0 929 Geothermal wind 0 016 solar wood 0 133 0 158 Total 15 0 15 8 9 48 2004 Worldwide Energy Sources Existing Capacity by Energy Source Energy Source Coal 1 Capacity 336 040 30 9 62 394 5 7 Natural Gas 3 449 389 41 3 Other Gases 4 2 663 0 2 105 764 9 7 Hydroelectric Conventional 5 77 644 7 1 Wind 16 596 1 5 503 0 0 Wood and Wood Derived Fuels 6 7 510 0 7 Geothermal 3 233 0 3 Other Biomass 7 4 834 0 4 Pumped Storage 20 355 1 9 866 0 1 1 087 791 100 0 Petroleum 2 Nuclear Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Other 8 Total PSEG Energy Sources The electricity you consume comes from the Pennsylvania New Jersey Maryland PJM power grid which receives power from a variety of power plants and transmits electricity to meet the requirements of customers throughout the region Your electric supplier is responsible for generating and or purchasing electricity that is added to the power grid in an amount sufficient to satisfy electric usage requirements Resources used to generate electricity fall into two categories Non Renewable and Renewable Energy Resources Non Renewable Energy Non Renewable Energy Resources are fossil fuels gas oil and coal which are burned to produce electricity or nuclear power Among fossil fuels natural gas is cleaner than coal Coal can be burned producing fewer emissions with extensive investments in advanced pollution control equipment Nuclear power produces electricity without any CO2 NOx or SO2 emissions PSEG produces power from gas oil coal and nuclear sources PSEG has made investments in advanced pollution control equipment at its coal plants and operates state of the art natural gas facilities Non Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Air Emissions for CO2 NOx and SO2 are presented as a percent of the New Jersey Benchmark The benchmark is set at the average emissions performance of all electric generating units in New Jersey Approximately 50 of the electricity generated in New Jersey comes from nuclear power Nuclear power produces electricity without CO2 NOx and SO2 emissions therefore New Jersey s benchmark is low Carbon Dioxide CO2 is released when fossil fuels coal oil and gas are burned Carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas may contribute to global warming Nitrogen Oxides NOx form when fossil fuels and biomass are burned at high temperatures They contribute to ground level ozone or smog and to the formation of acid rain Sulfur Dioxide SO2 is formed when fuels containing sulfur primarily coal and oil are burned SO2 combines with water and oxygen in the atmosphere to form acid rain PSEG Nuclear MW Location Peach Bottom 2 224 Delta PA Salem 2 383 Hancocks Bridge NJ Hope Creek 1 219 Hancocks Bridge NJ PSEG Fossile Fuel MW Location Bergen Natural Gas 1 246 Ridgefield NJ Bethlehem Natural Gas 747 Bethlehem NY Bridgeport Coal Oil 529 Bridgeport Harbor CT Burlington Gas Oil 553 Burlington NJ Edison Gas 504 Edison NJ Essex Gas Oil 617 Newark NJ Kearny Gas 446 Kearny NJ Hudson Coal Gas Oil 927 Jersey City NJ Linden Gas 1 566 Linden NJ Mercer Gas 751 Trenton NJ PSE G Electric Distribution Locations Metropolitan Division Clifton NJ Palisades Division Secaucus NJ Central Division Somerset NJ Southern Division Lawrenceville Southern Division Moorestown PSE G Gas Distribution Locations Audubon Gas Audubon NJ 08106 Burlington Gas Burlington NJ 08016 Clifton Gas Clifton NJ 07011 East Jersey Gas Oakland NJ 07306 New Brunswick New Brunswick NJ 08903 Oakland Gas Oakland NJ 07436 Oradell Gas Oradell NJ 07649 Orange Gas East Orange NJ 07017 Plainfield Gas Plainfield NJ 07063 Summit Gas Summit NJ 07901 Trenton Gas Lawrence Township NJ 08648 Get Into Energy Careers in the energy industry are exciting and lucrative Plus with over 10 000 positions becoming available each year there are plenty of opportunities available After you ve had a chance to explore the array of careers on the Get into Energy site learn more about how you can help your students in the special Teachers Guidance Counselors section on the Center for Energy Workforce Development s web site