1Spring 2008Spring 2008CAP6938 CAP6938 ––3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality 3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality ©©Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Joseph J. LaViola Jr. 3D User Interface Techniques 3D User Interface Techniques for Selection and Manipulationfor Selection and ManipulationLecture #7: Selection and ManipulationLecture #7: Selection and ManipulationSpring 2008Spring 2008Joseph J. LaViola Jr.Joseph J. LaViola Jr.CAP6938 CAP6938 ––3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality 3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality ©©Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Spring 2008Spring 2008Interaction WorkflowInteraction Workflow2CAP6938 CAP6938 ––3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality 3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality ©©Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Spring 2008Spring 2008Universal 3D Interaction TasksUniversal 3D Interaction TasksNavigationNavigationTravel Travel ––motor componentmotor componentWayfinding Wayfinding ––cognitive componentcognitive componentSelectionSelectionManipulationManipulationSystem controlSystem controlSymbolic inputSymbolic inputCAP6938 CAP6938 ––3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality 3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality ©©Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Spring 2008Spring 2008Why Selection and Manipulation?Why Selection and Manipulation?Major method of interaction withMajor method of interaction withphysical environmentsphysical environmentsMajor method of interaction withMajor method of interaction withvirtual environmentsvirtual environmentsAffects the quality of entireAffects the quality of entire3D interface3D interfaceDesign of 3D manipulationDesign of 3D manipulationtechniques is difficulttechniques is difficult3CAP6938 CAP6938 ––3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality 3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality ©©Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Spring 2008Spring 2008Lecture OutlineLecture OutlineWhat is 3D selection and manipulation?What is 3D selection and manipulation?Relationship between IT and input deviceRelationship between IT and input deviceManipulation technique classificationManipulation technique classificationTechniquesTechniquesselectionselectionmanipulationmanipulationhybridhybridIsomorphism vs. NonIsomorphism vs. Non--isomorphismisomorphismCAP6938 CAP6938 ––3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality 3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality ©©Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Spring 2008Spring 2008Selection & ManipulationSelection & ManipulationSelection: specifying one or more objects Selection: specifying one or more objects from a setfrom a setManipulation: modifying object properties Manipulation: modifying object properties ((positionposition, , orientationorientation, scale, shape, color, texture, , scale, shape, color, texture, behavior, etc.)behavior, etc.)4CAP6938 CAP6938 ––3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality 3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality ©©Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Spring 2008Spring 2008Goals of SelectionGoals of SelectionIndicate action on objectIndicate action on objectQuery objectQuery objectMake object activeMake object activeTravel to object locationTravel to object locationSet up manipulationSet up manipulationCAP6938 CAP6938 ––3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality 3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality ©©Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Spring 2008Spring 2008Selection PerformanceSelection PerformanceVariables affecting user performanceVariables affecting user performanceobject distance from userobject distance from userobject sizeobject sizedensity of objects in areadensity of objects in areaoccludersoccluders5CAP6938 CAP6938 ––3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality 3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality ©©Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Spring 2008Spring 2008Canonical ParametersCanonical ParametersSelectionSelectiondistance and direction to targetdistance and direction to targettarget sizetarget sizedensity of objects around the targetdensity of objects around the targetnumber of targets to be selectednumber of targets to be selectedtarget occlusion.target occlusion.PositioningPositioningdistance/direction to initial positiondistance/direction to initial positiondistance/direction to target position distance/direction to target position translation distance translation distance required precision of positioning required precision of positioning RotationRotationdistance to targetdistance to targetinitial orientation initial orientation final orientationfinal orientationamount of rotation amount of rotation CAP6938 CAP6938 ––3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality 3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality ©©Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Spring 2008Spring 20083D Interaction Techniques and the 3D Interaction Techniques and the Input DeviceInput DeviceNumber of control Number of control dimensionsdimensionsControl IntegrationControl IntegrationForce vs. Position Force vs. Position controlcontrolDevice placementDevice placementForm FactorForm FactorAttached to Hand Rolled with fingers6CAP6938 CAP6938 ––3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality 3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality ©©Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Spring 2008Spring 2008Technique ClassificationTechnique Classificationby Metaphorby MetaphorVE manipulation techniquesExocentric metaphorEgocentric metaphorWorld-In-MiniatureVirtual Hand metaphorVirtual Pointer metaphorGo-GoIndirect, stretch Go-Go"Classical" virtual handRay-castingApertureFlashlightImage planeScaled-world grabCAP6938 CAP6938 ––3D User Interfaces for Games and Virtual Reality