California Ocean Protection ActSC 1319 Enacted in 2004Establish the ocean Protection CouncilConsists of:Science-based decision makingIncreasing governance over oceanEstablish a trust fund to be used directly for ocean protectionFocus on climate change and sea level risePay attention to runoff and rain water, rather than keeping this separate from the oceanEmerging ocean usesRecognize the need to collaborate with Oregon and Washington because fish don’t notice bordersWest Coast Governor’s AllianceIntegrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)Interdisciplinary approach to manage land and sea as regions rather than sectorsMarine animals, fisheries, oil drilling all managed togetherCollaborate to manage the ocean ecosystem rather than individual activitiesInterdisciplinary because combining different fields of management to create a holistic view of what’s happeningBio, chem, politicians, enst, etc.Coastal Zone Management Act (1972)Establish a Estuarine Research programConsider estuaries a specific ecosystem that needs managementNot extremely successful, but an attemptCoastal Zone Assessment: Managing the coastal zone while still developing itCZMA does not have a plan or method to protect the coast, just that it needs to be doneDidn’t have enough environmental informationMismatch between:Spatial: scale of governance and scale of ecosystemTemporal: gov’t time scales (4-8yrs) vs ecological time scales (generations)Marine Life Protection Act (1999) (CA)Says that MPA’s in CA are not affectiveMust increase the coherence, engage stakeholders from the beginning, and create a state-wide master plan of all MPA’sEach region in CA has team workers making a set of management plansConsider scientists and stakeholdersKey Players:Blue Ribbon Task Force: Communicate with everyone, expertsScience Advisory TeamRegional Stakeholders groupStatewide interest group: span statewideCA Dept of Fish and Game: agency in control of it allMPA PlacementMinimum guidelines based on science: minimum size, spacing in between, etc (general and also more specific guidelines per region)6-12 miles long, 20-60 mile increments in betweenReplication of marine habitats: protecting the same type of habitats in multiple locations (ex: kelp forests statewide)Habitat types: sandy beach, rocky intertidal, estuary, canyon, etc2009: release final plans for this actBlue Ribbon Panel announce the final zoning, including some no-take zones (no fishing)Dana Point and Point Dume are no-takeState waters only go out 3 naut. Miles from shorlines, rest is govMost reserves (6-9 miles) go outside of state waters many areas both fed and state managedWhy do we need MPAs?Prevent fishery collapseGeared towards protection of certain types of threatsSpill over effect: When fish grow to be outside of the MPA, and fishermen get better catchesTypically, there is increased abundance, increase density, and increase biomass (size of fish) within MPAsChannel Island case: Fisheries had shifted and changed, but amt of fishing licenses increased (spill over effect)Bigger reserves are betterProtect more fish, and allow each fish to grow in its full lifecycle without being fishedMariana’s Trench (Guam): 95k miles squared (CO Land mass!)NW Hawaiian Islands Nat. Monument: 140k miles squared (CA land mass)Adaptive Water ManagementTragedy of the CommonsCommon resources have no reason to be conserved, so they’re notcoined by Harden in 1968Fish, water, timber, airDoesn’t always happen bc sometimes there are incentives to shareCatch-sharing system: Fishers have quotas, all want to maintain the population to meet the quota,  env benefitsCo-op for farming: everyone owns a little piece and thus has a vested interest to maintain the landAdaptive Resource Management: Come up with innovative ways to protect environments while considering the interest of stakeholdersContinually collecting data and strategies evolve to keep up with the newest scienceIterative approach: Spiral; constantly getting data, improving, monitoringReduce uncertainty by constantly getting new data and creating up-to-date modelsAnalyzing, Synthesizing, and Communicating dataDelta conservationEndangered species  many legislationNeed to create a Habitat Conservation Plan for ES (Delta Smelt)(National law)Natural Communities Conservation Plan MUST have an adaptive management component (CA law)Delta Act requires formal adaptive management and best science to conserve water resourcesAdaptive mgmt. is a “living document” bc constantly being updatedBay Delta Conservation PlanTerribleNot an adaptive mgmt. plan, though they said it wasNot coherent; everything didn’t flow togetherEverything must be changed to assign an adaptive mgmt. team to continually monitor and revamp the systemStill no good strategy to do thisHard to make everyone happy and keep the ecosystem thriving and restoreFisheries and Marine Coastal Management04/23/2013California Ocean Protection Act -SC 1319 Enacted in 2004-Establish the ocean Protection Council -Consists of: oScience-based decision makingoIncreasing governance over ocean oEstablish a trust fund to be used directly for ocean protectionoFocus on climate change and sea level rise oPay attention to runoff and rain water, rather than keeping this separate from the ocean oEmerging ocean uses -Recognize the need to collaborate with Oregon and Washington because fish don’t notice borders oWest Coast Governor’s AllianceIntegrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)-Interdisciplinary approach to manage land and sea as regions ratherthan sectors oMarine animals, fisheries, oil drilling all managed together oCollaborate to manage the ocean ecosystem rather than individual activities oInterdisciplinary because combining different fields of management to create a holistic view of what’s happening Bio, chem, politicians, enst, etc.Coastal Zone Management Act (1972)-Establish a Estuarine Research program oConsider estuaries a specific ecosystem that needs management oNot extremely successful, but an attempt -Coastal Zone Assessment: Managing the coastal zone while still developing it -CZMA does not have a plan or method to protect the coast, just thatit needs to be done oDidn’t have enough environmental informationMismatch between: -Spatial: scale of governance and scale of ecosystem -Temporal: gov’t time scales (4-8yrs) vs ecological time scales (generations)Marine Life Protection Act (1999) (CA)-Says that MPA’s in CA