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UCLA COMSCI 218 - Audio Streaming over Bluetooth

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AbstractAudio Streaming over BluetoothAudio Streaming over BluetoothScatternetScatternet::Using Adaptive Automatic Repeat RequestUsing Adaptive Automatic Repeat RequestRetransmission TimeoutRetransmission TimeoutFall 2003 CS 218 ProjectFall 2003 CS 218 ProjectProfessor Mario GerlaProfessor Mario GerlaTutor: Ling-Jyh ChenTutor: Ling-Jyh ChenSewoork Jung (103164366)Sewoork Jung (103164366)Jungsoo Lim (602900864)Jungsoo Lim (602900864)Soon Young Oh (803233069)Soon Young Oh (803233069)AbstractAudio streaming transmission over the wireless network faces an interference problem because of the badchannel condition. The Bluetooth link layer employs an ARQ mechanism with infinity RTO to preventdegrading audio streaming quality. Infinite RTO works well with non-real-time TCP traffic. However,increased delay may cause degrading the quality of real-time audio streaming. Chen, Kapoor, Lee, Sanadidi,and Gerla developed an adaptive RTO mechanism that adaptively adjusts the ARQ timeout value based onchannel condition. It significantly improved the packet success rate and the delay in audio streamingtransmission over Bluetooth in one-to-one network. We implemented the adaptive ARQ in the Blueware andtested on various Bluetooth Scatternet topologies. Our simulation indicated improvements in delay.11.1.IntroductionIntroductionThe combination of streaming contents such as MP3 with the wireless technology creates veryThe combination of streaming contents such as MP3 with the wireless technology creates veryuseful features. For example, user can move around locally while listening to the music from theuseful features. For example, user can move around locally while listening to the music from theBluetooth-enabled MP3 player or download MP3 audio file from a LAN access point, and play it asBluetooth-enabled MP3 player or download MP3 audio file from a LAN access point, and play it asreal-time. However, due to the nature of wireless networking, transmitting real-time/streamingreal-time. However, due to the nature of wireless networking, transmitting real-time/streamingcontents over the wireless network encounters much more interferences than the wired networking. contents over the wireless network encounters much more interferences than the wired networking. In order to prevent packet loss from bad link condition, most wireless networks implement someIn order to prevent packet loss from bad link condition, most wireless networks implement somekinds of an automatic retransmission request (ARQ) scheme. Bluetooth employs kinds of an automatic retransmission request (ARQ) scheme. Bluetooth employs an an ARQARQmechanism with infinite retransmission timeout (RTO), so that mechanism with infinite retransmission timeout (RTO), so that the the packet will not be dropped. Thepacket will not be dropped. TheARQ mechanism, however, works well with non-real-time TCP traffic.ARQ mechanism, however, works well with non-real-time TCP traffic.AltAlthough it works well with non-real-time TCP traffic, the ARQ mechanism impacts the quality ofhough it works well with non-real-time TCP traffic, the ARQ mechanism impacts the quality ofreal-time/streaming. Too high RTO can cause an extreme delay of packets delivery. On the otherreal-time/streaming. Too high RTO can cause an extreme delay of packets delivery. On the otherhand, very low RTO can cause a high fraction of packets drop. Both of the cases will generate poorhand, very low RTO can cause a high fraction of packets drop. Both of the cases will generate poorquality for real-time/streaming. Hence, the improvement in ARQ mechanism is necessary to supportquality for real-time/streaming. Hence, the improvement in ARQ mechanism is necessary to supportreal-time/streaming in wireless networking. real-time/streaming in wireless networking. 2.2.PreviousPrevious ResearchResearchChen et al. Chen et al. proposed proposed anan adaptive ARQ RTO approach adaptive ARQ RTO approach whichwhich adjusted RTO value based on the round adjusted RTO value based on the roundtrip time (RTT) [3]. If the measured RTT is increased, which indicates bad link or congestion,trip time (RTT) [3]. If the measured RTT is increased, which indicates bad link or congestion,decrease the RTO value so that the extremely delayed packets are dropped. Otherwise, increase RTOdecrease the RTO value so that the extremely delayed packets are dropped. Otherwise, increase RTOvalue. The experiment was done for both value. The experiment was done for both the the fixed RTO and fixed RTO and the the adaptive RTO, and the resultsadaptive RTO, and the resultsshowed that showed that thethe adaptive ARQ timeout enhanced packet delay and success rate remarkably. adaptive ARQ timeout enhanced packet delay and success rate remarkably. 23.3.Related workRelated work3.13.1TCP-Friendly Rate Control (TFRC)TCP-Friendly Rate Control (TFRC)TFRC is an equation based TCP rate control model. From the equation, the sender’s rate is adjustedby round trip delay, packet size, retransmission timeout, and packet loss rate. TFRC works fine withthe unicast streaming data, but TFRC does not work well for wireless link with high random lossrate, because it cannot discriminate random loss from congestions. 3.2 Video Transport Protocol (VTP)The sender estimates the bandwidth based on the estimation from receiver, and the sender adjusts thesending rate. The sender stores multiple copies of the video streams with various pre-computedquantization levels and it changes dynamically. Since VTP adjusts the sending rate based onbandwidth estimation, it is robust to the random loss.3.3 Rate Adaptation Protocol (RAP)RAP is an end-to-end rate based control for real-time/streaming in the Internet. As receiverresponses to an ACK with a sequence number, a sender estimates RTT from each ACK. If there is noloss, sender adds one packet in SRTT. If loss is detected, reduce packet number by half per SRTT. Inorder to prevent the burst loss, Random Early Drop (RED) is used. RAP is not capable ofdiscriminating random loss from congestion.3.4 A Rate Control Scheme (RCS)RCS scheme is for the real-time traffic with high bandwidth, high transmission delay, and high errorrates. In RCS, a sender probes the connection with the


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UCLA COMSCI 218 - Audio Streaming over Bluetooth

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