Most water comes from Atmosphere, but there is an extremely low amount of it relative to water in the rest of the worldWhat we pay is not the true cost of the water (DEFINITELY not the EnvCost)Why America uses so much waterCheap and AvailableConservation measures not in placeMunicipal water withdrawal is a fraction of the total water withdrawalConservation push gets put on consumers, when they are not the big reason, agriculture isTotal withdrawal rate has risen steadily with populationAsia has exponentially higher water usage than ANY other countryIndustrialization, growing riceWater usage vs. water consumptionUsage: “borrowed” water – hydroelectricity, reservoirConsumption: Total water lost – evaporation, transpirationWater footprint: Direct or indirect freshwater used to produce goods/servicesTakes pollution into accountWater may become more important than oilNorthern India Groundwater DepletionRapid consumptionPopulation growthEconomic developmentWater-intensive farmingDepleting be 1 foot per yearWhen India depletes their water and can not provide their own food anymore, but it is because of their own increase in water-intensive farming practices, then when they do run out of water, is it the USA/other countries job to provide them with water?Supply projected to equal demand in CA in AVERAGE PRECIPITATION yearsSupply will fall short of demand in DRY years (almost always)Conservation is a MUSTGround water storageUrban Water Use EfficiencySanta Cruz Island – filled in all the wetlands for cattle, but now trying to restore itLong Beach water quality – used to consistently get D’s and F’s, but now getting A’s and B’s (dredge the area where the LA River dumps into Long Beach)Problems with frackingDo not know what chemicals are being used in the pipes to fracture the rockProprietary – keep it a secret because believe others will take their info and steal itDon’t know what chemicals/hazards are in the water (can contaminate ground water)California – 3rd largest state for oil productionEven if all oil was recovered in the US, it would only last 2-3 yearsIs it worth it?Baldwin hills – beautiful parkHistory of water pollutionThe complexity of pollution has evolved with technologyPre-Industrial RevMain Problems: Human waste disposal, disposal of little consequence, sewage discharged into waterwaysDuring Industrial revSewage treated before dischargeIndustrial Waste  New pollutantsCoal, steel, glass, tanningStarted creating sewage systems (Chicago and Brooklyn)  less diseasesFirst chem treatment  Boston20th CenturyNew industries (pesticides, drugs, plastics)State restrictions (POWTS – Publically Owned Treated Works)Domestic/Industrial waste treated before dischargeCWA (1972): Fed standards for wastewater, good for point-source regulated by NPDES (1972, National Pollution Discharge Elimination System)Brown Acres: goes through the progression of sewage treatment in LAStorm Water Runoff – non-point source, because covers large areasLeading cause of H2O pollution in the USSeptic systems: Personal tanks, must be pumped every few year, effluent goes out to a septic/leaching fieldPoint-source of pollutionThey do fail and contaminate ground waterOld, leaky systemsPoor soil conditions (clay; doesn’t drain very well)If its especially rainy, the water table can rise and go up into the house, or bubble up into the yardBanning new systems in Malibu, and people who already have the systems have to stop discharging their own waste water within the decadeHave to pay to put in a new sewage system  NOT happyWater Usage and Conservation 03/14/2013Most water comes from Atmosphere, but there is an extremely low amount of it relative to water in the rest of the worldWhat we pay is not the true cost of the water (DEFINITELY not the EnvCost)Why America uses so much water -Cheap and Available -Conservation measures not in place Municipal water withdrawal is a fraction of the total water withdrawal-Conservation push gets put on consumers, when they are not the big reason, agriculture isTotal withdrawal rate has risen steadily with populationAsia has exponentially higher water usage than ANY other country -Industrialization, growing riceWater usage vs. water consumption-Usage: “borrowed” water – hydroelectricity, reservoir-Consumption: Total water lost – evaporation, transpirationWater footprint: Direct or indirect freshwater used to produce goods/services-Takes pollution into account -Water may become more important than oilNorthern India Groundwater Depletion -Rapid consumptionoPopulation growth oEconomic developmentoWater-intensive farming-Depleting be 1 foot per year -When India depletes their water and can not provide their own food anymore, but it is because of their own increase in water-intensive farming practices, then when they do run out of water, is it the USA/other countries job to provide them with water?Supply projected to equal demand in CA in AVERAGE PRECIPITATION yearsSupply will fall short of demand in DRY years (almost always)-Conservation is a MUSToGround water storageoUrban Water Use EfficiencySanta Cruz Island – filled in all the wetlands for cattle, but now trying torestore it Long Beach water quality – used to consistently get D’s and F’s, but now getting A’s and B’s (dredge the area where the LA River dumps into Long Beach) Problems with fracking -Do not know what chemicals are being used in the pipes to fracture the rock oProprietary – keep it a secret because believe others will take their info and steal it oDon’t know what chemicals/hazards are in the water (can contaminate ground water)California – 3rd largest state for oil production-Even if all oil was recovered in the US, it would only last 2-3 years oIs it worth it? Baldwin hills – beautiful park History of water pollution-The complexity of pollution has evolved with technologyPre-Industrial RevMain Problems: Human waste disposal, disposal of little consequence, sewage discharged into waterwaysoDuring Industrial revSewage treated before discharge Industrial Waste  New pollutants Coal, steel, glass, tanning Started creating sewage systems (Chicago and Brooklyn)  less diseases First chem treatment  Bostono20th CenturyNew industries (pesticides, drugs, plastics)State restrictions (POWTS – Publically Owned Treated Works)Domestic/Industrial