Astronomy 101, Exam #1 HName___________________________________________________________________No notes, No books. You can use a calculatorc = 3 x 108 m/s 1 AU = 1.49 ×1011 meters 1 light year = 9.46 × 1015 metersh = 6.626 x 10-34 J●s mass of Earth = 5.97 × 1024 kg mass of Sun = 1.99 x 1030 kgG = 6.67 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2mass of Moon = 7.35 x 1022 kg mass of Jupiter = 1.90 x 1027 kgg = 9.8 m/s2radius of Earth = 6.38 × 106 m radius of Jupiter = 7.15 × 107 mσ = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-41 nm = 1 x 10-9 meters radius of Moon = 1.74 × 106 m 1) The planet with the largest diameter is …A) SaturnB) NeptuneC) UranusD) JupiterE) Mars2) A body takes 13 years to make one orbit around the Sun. What is the body’s semi-major axis?A) 4.3 AUB) 5.5 AUC) 2.9 AUD) 3.1 AUE) 4.6 AU3) Who used Tycho Brahe’s data to derive his laws of planetary motion?A) Isaac NewtonB) Galileo Galilei.C) Nicolas Copernicus.D) AristotleE) Johannes Kepler.4) A body is 7 Astronomical Units from the Sun. What is the body’s orbital period around the Sun?A) 9.3 yearsB) 27 yearsC) 49 yearsD) 101 yearsE) 18.5 yearsAstronomy 101, Exam #1 H5) During its orbit when a planet is at perihelion, it is …A) at its closest point to the Sun.B) at its farthest point from the Sun.C) in total shadow during an eclipse.D) in partial shadow during an eclipse.E) closest to the Moon.6) Which of the following is not a unit of distance?A) astronomical unitB) kilometerC) light yearD) meterE) newton7) What was a flaw in Copernicus’ model of the Solar System?A) He wanted the Earth at the center.B) He wanted the Moon to be at the center.C) He did not think Mars was a planet.D) He wanted all the orbits of the planets to be perfectly circular.E) He did not think Jupiter was a planet.8) Which of these planets travels the slowest around the Sun? A) Venus B) Jupiter. C) Saturn D) Mercury E) Mars9) Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto were discovered by …A) Tycho Brahe.B) Galileo Galilei.C) Nicolas Copernicus.D) Aristotle.E) Johannes Kepler.10) Jupiter never passes through which of these constellations as seen from Earth?A) VirgoB) Ursa MajorC) LeoD) TaurusE) AquariusAstronomy 101, Exam #1 H11) What is the difference in the definition of a planet and a dwarf planet? A) Planets have satellites while dwarf planets don’t have satellites B) Planets orbit the Sun while dwarf planets don’t orbit the Sun. C) Planets are round while dwarf planets are not round. D) Planets have cleared the neighborhood around their orbits while dwarf planets have not.E) Planets have nuclear fusion occurring in their cores to produce energy while dwarf planets do not have nuclear fusion occurring in their cores 12) Put these items in order from largest size to smallest size:Largest SmallestA) Our Universe, Our Galaxy, Our Solar SystemB) Our Galaxy, Our Universe, Our Solar SystemC) Our Solar System, Our Galaxy, Our UniverseD) Our Galaxy, Our Solar System, Our UniverseE) Our Universe, Our Solar System, Our Galaxy13) Which of these bodies has the most elliptical orbit? A) Venus B) Jupiter. C) Saturn D) PlutoE) Neptune14) How many kilometers are in 1 meter? A) 1 x 104 kilometers B) 1 x 10-4 kilometers C) 1 x 10-2 kilometers D) 1 x 10-3 kilometersE) 1 x 103 kilometers15) Assume that each galaxy has 1 x 1011 stars. How many stars will be in 1 x 104 galaxies?A) 1 x 1044 starsB) 1 x 1015 starsC) 1 x 1016 starsD) 2 x 1015 starsE) 2 x 1016 starsAstronomy 101, Exam #1 H16) Put these planets in order from largest diameter to smallest diameter:Largest SmallestA) Jupiter, Neptune, Mercury, VenusB) Neptune, Jupiter, Mercury, VenusC) Jupiter, Neptune, Venus, MercuryD) Jupiter, Venus, Neptune, MercuryE) Neptune, Jupiter, Mercury, Venus17) A lunar eclipse occurs during a … A) New MoonB) Full Moon C) First Quarter MoonD) Third Quarter Moon E) Waning Crescent18) Seasons on the Earth are a consequence of …A) the varying distance between the Earth and the Sun during the year. B) the varying speed of the Earth in its orbit about the Sun. C) the precession of the Earth's rotation axis. D) the tilt of the Earth's rotation axis relative to the ecliptic. E) the tilt of the Moon's orbital plane relative to the ecliptic.19) Which of these statements is one of Kepler’s laws of planetary motion?A) The orbit of every planet is a circle with the sun at the center.B) The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the sun at one focus.C) The cube of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the square root of the semi-major axis of its orbit.D) Planet closer to the Sun move slower than planets farther from the SunE) All planets have cleared the neighborhood of their orbit.20) You are standing on the Earth's equator. Which way is Polaris? A) Directly overheadB) On the northern horizon.C) 45 degrees up in the sky, due West.D) The answer depends on whether it's winter or summer.E) 45 degrees up in the sky, due East.Astronomy 101, Exam #1 H21) How would the force of gravity between the Sun and the Earth change if the Sun's mass were increased by a factor of two and the Earth’s mass was increased by a factor of five? A) The force would be unchanged. B) The force would increase by a factor of 10. C) The force would increase by a factor of 25. D) The force would decrease by a factor of 10. E) The force would decrease by a factor of 25.22) What is the gravitational acceleration on the surface of a planet that has 4 times themass of Earth and 4 times the radius of Earth?A) 9.8 m/s2B) 4.9 m/s2C) 19.6 m/s2D) 2.45 m/s2E) 39.2 m/s223) If the Earth were moved to a distance of 4 AU from the Sun, how much stronger orweaker would be the gravitational force between the Sun and Earth? A) The force would be 4 times stronger. B) The force would be 16 times stronger. C) The force would be unchanged. D) The force would be 4 times weaker. E) The force would be 16 times weaker. 24) Which of these planets has the smallest semi-major axis? A) Earth B) Jupiter C) Neptune D) UranusE) Saturn25) Which of these bodies has the smallest diameter? A) Venus B) Mercury C) Saturn D) MarsE) PlutoAstronomy 101, Exam #1 H26) The comet that was torn apart by tidal forces and also impacted Jupiter was called … A) Eris B) Halley C) Shoemaker-Levy 9 D) LINEAR 50E) Siding Spring 427) Why do the stars in the
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