Acid Base Study Guide Acid proton donor Base proton acceptor We write the formula of an acid with a H out front to help you identify it as an acid Strong bases will contain hydroxide ion OH in the formula Remember that H and H3O are equivalent Strong Acids strong electrolytes Note each reaction has water implied as a reactant and the H is donated to it to form H3O For example these two equations are equivalent HNO3 H NO3 and HNO3 H2O H3O NO3 MEMORIZE THESE HNO3 H2SO4 HClO4 HCl HBr HI Nitric Acid Sulfuric Acid Perchloric Acid Hydrochloric Acid Hydrobromic Acid Hydroiodic Acid HNO3 H NO3H2SO4 2H SO42HClO4 H ClO4HCl H ClHBr H BrHI H I Strong Bases strong electrolytes MEMORIZE THESE Group IA hydroxides LiOH NaOH KOH etc LiOH Li OHNaOH Na OHKOH K OHand from Group IIA Ba OH 2 Ba OH 2 Ba2 2OH Weak Acids weak electrolytes If the acid is not one of the strong acids above you can safely assume it s a weak acid Note like the strong acid reactions given above each reaction has water as a reactant and the H is donated to it to form H3O EXAMPLES FROM NOMENCLATURE THAT YOU NEED TO MEMORIZEHNO2 H2SO3 Nitrous Acid Sulfurous Acid H2CO3 Carbonic Acid H3PO4 Phosphoric Acid HNO2 W H NO2H2SO3 W H HSO3HSO3 W H SO32H2CO3 W H HCO3HCO3 W H CO32H3PO4 W H H2PO4H2PO4 W H HPO42HPO42 W H PO43 HClO3 HClO2 HClO and Br and I equivalents Chloric Chlorous and hypochlorous acids Weak Bases weak electrolytes Memorize NH3 only NH3 H2O W NH4 OH Amphiteric Amphiprotic Substances can behave like an acid or a base Substances that have a H out front and have a negative charge can behave like an acid or base for example Acid HCO3 H2O W H3O CO32 Base HCO3 H2O W H2CO3 OH