9/29/2010 1 GEOG 1001: Clouds and Lifting September 30th, 2010 Dr. Bob Ross ©2010 American Public Television & Old Post Productions Last time • Polarity of water molecule and strength of hydrogen bond. • Phase changes. • Relative Humidity (changes with temperature) • Atmospheric Stability (ELR VS DAR and MAR) Clouds and Fog • Cloud Formation Processes • Cloud Types and Identification • Fog Cloud Formation Processes • Moisture droplet • Cloud-condensation nuclei9/29/2010 2 Moisture Droplets Figure 7.20 Raindrop and Snowflake Formation Figure 7.21 Cloud Types and Identification Figure 7.22 Low clouds Bright and fluffy clouds Cirrus Figure 7.229/29/2010 3 Cirrostratus Figure 7.22 Altocumulus Figure 7.22 Altostratus Figure 7.22 Nimbostratus Figure 7.229/29/2010 4 Stratus Figure 7.22 Cumulus Figure 7.22 Cumulonimbus Figure 7.22 Cumulonimbus Development Figure 7.239/29/2010 5 Fog • Fog is a cloud layer on the ground; several types: • Advection fog (warm air moves over cold) • Evaporation fog • Upslope fog • Valley fog • Radiation fog Advection Fog Figure 7.24 Evaporation Fog Figure 7.25 Valley Fog Figure 7.25 Figure 7.269/29/2010 6 Atmospheric Lifting Mechanisms • Convergent Lifting • Convectional Lifting • Orographic Lifting • Frontal Lifting (Cold and Warm Fronts) Atmospheric Lifting Mechanisms Figure 8.6 Convection over Florida Figure 8.8 Orographic Precipitation Figure 8.99/29/2010 7 Orographic Patterns Figure 8.10 Increased precipitation intensity Increased precipitation frequency Frontal Lifting • Cold Fronts – Cold air forces warm air aloft – 400 km wide (250 mi) • Warm Fronts – Warm air moves up and over cold air – 1000 km wide (600 mi) Cold Frontal Lifting Figure 8.11 Warm Front Figure 8.139/29/2010 8 Summary • Cloud formation • Cloud types • Atmospheric lifting – Convergent Lifting – Convectional Lifting – Orographic Lifting – Frontal Lifting (Cold and Warm
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