DDS 6234/ DH 3234 Uncontrolled growth Locally invasive, metastasizes to lymph nodes or to distant parts Malignancy of epithelial origin: Carcinoma Malignancy of mesenchymal origin: Sarcoma Malignancy of hematopoetic origin MetastasisEstimated new casesEstimated deathsOral cavity and pharynx34, 3607,550Tongue9,8001,830Mouth10,6601,860Pharynx11,8002,180Other areas of oral cavity2,1001,680Bones and joints2,3701,330Lymphoma71,38019,730Multiple myeloma19,90010,790Leukemia44, 24021,790 Location Anywhere Carcinoma in the tongue, FOM, tonsillar area, lips Sarcoma in mandible, or posterior jaws  Border Poorly defined, lacks cortication, no capsule, extends into different depth,  Internal Content Usually radiolucent Effects on adjacent structures Rapid destruction, destroys bone rather than roots, minimal displacement of teeth, sarcomas may resorb roots, destroys cortical bone Originates from surface epithelium Spreads by invasion Pain, paresthesia, sudden loosening of teeth, foul smell, weight loss Location Lateral border of the tongue  posterior border of the mandible Lip or FOM  anterior mandible Sinus mucosa  hard palate Border Irregular, rarely smooth, sclerosis of surrounding bone only if the tumor is infected Pathologic fracture Internal Content Totally radiolucent Effects on adjacent structures Widened PDL with loss of lamina dura ‘Floating’ teeth Destruction of the cortex, and pathological fractureDentist identified radiopaque mass on the right maxilla. A new malignant tumor originating from a distant lesion Usually by blood vessels Primary sites: breast, kidney, lung, colon, prostate, thyroid Location Posterior areas of the jaws Mandible>maxilla, can be bilateral, PDL spaces Maxillary sinus Border Fairly well-defined, but no cortication. Invasive margins Sclerotic if primary lesion is breast or prostate Internal Content Mostly radiolucent May be multifocal Effects on adjacent structures Periosteal reaction Increase width of PDL, with loss of lamina dura ‘Floating’ teeth Malignant tumor that produces osteoid Rare in the jaws, about 7% Osteoblastic, chondroblastic and fibroblastic Jaw lesions appear later: average delay 10 years  Location: Mandible>maxilla, posterior area, alveolar ridge Border: Poorly defined,  Linear bony trabeculation when affects the cortex Internal content: Entirely radiolucent: osteolytic osteosarcoma Mixed Mostly radiopaque: osteogenic Effects on adjacent structures Widening of PDL spaces Destroys sinus and nasal walls Destroys canal Malignant tumor of cartilaginous origin Centrally in bone, on the periphery or on soft tissues Location: Rare in the jaws, about 10% Mandible = maxilla Maxilla : Anterior region Mandible: coronoid or condylar area Border: Well defined, round, ovoid May have trabecular appearance as in osteosarcomaChondrosarcoma Internal Content Some calcification Not completely radiolucent Effects on adjacent structures Expands cortex Pushes sinus wall Remodeling of the condyle Composed of malignant fibroblasts May arise after radiation therapy Location Mostly mandible Premolar /molar region Border Ill-defined, ragged border Noncorticated, no capsule Internal Content Tend to follow marrow space, grows along a bony margin Mostly lucent Reactive bone may be present Effects on adjacent structures Destruction of none, reactive bone formation Loss of lamina dura Root resorption rare, but displacement common Arises from cells of bone marrow that have resemblance to plasma cells. Mean age: 55-60 years. Rarely seen <35. More common in males. Pain, swelling, expansion, numbness, mobility. Presence of Bence-Jones protein >60% of patients. Border Radiographically, several, discreet, well-defined, “punched out” radiolucencies seen in jaws and several other bones of the body. Internal content Radiolucent areas may expand and coalesce into larger areas and may cause fractures. Usually none Some bony islands may be visible Effect on adjacent structures Thinning and disruption of bone Mostly in lymph nodes Can occur in bone, skin, GI tract Many subtypes: Low grade to high grade New cases in 2007 : 63,000, death 18,000 Rare in first decade Location: Lymph nodes Sinus, posterior mandible, maxilla Border: Takes up the shape of the bone Untreated lesions destroy bone Rounded and multiloculated Internal content: Usually radiolucent Rarely bone formation African and American African type: Jaw involvement, young children American type: usually no jaw involvement, young adults Rapid growth, doubling time of 24 hours Location African cases: one or both jaws, posterior part American case: abdomen Border Multiple, ill-defined , non-corticated lesions Merges into one large lesion Internal Content Mostly radiolucent Effects on adjacent structures Displaced teeth and buds Destroys lamina dura Tumor of hematopoietic stem cells Usually no signs or symptoms Weakness and bone pain Loose teeth Location Throughout the jaw Border Ill-defined radiolucency Internal Content Granular bone, patchy radiolucency Effects on adjacent structures Premature loss of teeth  Displacement of the developing