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UT Knoxville BIOL 140 - Bio140 final study guide

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Biology 140 Spring 2013– RoweExam 4 (FINAL) Study GuideChapter 131. What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?2. Know what the definitions are for genetics, heredity and trait.3. Why did Mendel use the pea plant to study heredity?4. What is a genotype? What is a phenotype? Is a phenotype dependent on a genotype?5. What is the difference between a monohybrid and a dihybrid cross?6. What is a P vs. F1 vs. F2 generation? What are the classic phenotypic ratios you would expect to see in the offspring.7. What are alleles?8. Know the difference between homozygous and heterozygous. What is a carrier?9. Know Mendel’s two laws: Law of segregation and law of independent assortment.10. What is a Punnett square? What is a testcross? What is its use?11. What is a mutation?12. Know the difference between recessive and dominant.13. What is incomplete dominance? What is an example?14. What is codominance? Give an example.15. Difference between pleiotropy and polygenic.16. Sex-linked inheritance vs. autosomal inheritance.Chapter 14- We previously touched on several aspects of this chapter. It is about DNA replication. I think we can skip it. Just review your old exams regarding DNA and DNA replication.Chapter 151. What is gene expression? 2. What is a gene? What is the central dogma? What are codons? What is the genetic code?3. What is the purpose of messenger RNA (mRNA)?4. What is transcription? What is translation?5. What are some exceptions to the Central Dogma? What is the function of reverse transcriptase?6. What is a reading frame? There are 64 codons that code for 20 amino acids and 3 stops. Know the start and stop codons.7. What are 4 important properties of the genetic code?8. What is a mutation? They fall into 3 categories. What are they? Point mutations vs. chromosome mutations.1Chapter 161. Transcription vs. translation2. What is meant by semiconservative?3. What is the difference between introns and exons? At what location do transcription and translation occur (cytoplasm or nucleus)?4. What do ribosomes do?5. Does transcription and translation happen simultaneously in bacteria? In eukaryotes?6. What is meant by post-translational modification?Chapter 191. What is genetic engineering?2. What is cell differentiation? 3. What is cloning? What is cDNA?4. What are plasmids? What are restriction enzymes? What are vectors?5. Why are DNA libraries so important?6. What are some products of DNA technology? How are we using science for our benefit?7. What is a method for amplifying a specific segment of a DNA molecule?8. What are the benefits of finding a disease gene?9. What are transgenic animals?Chapter 201. What is meant by shotgun sequencing?2. What is pyrosequencing?3. What is bioinformatics?4. What are ORFs?5. Again, know what homologous means!!!!6. What is lateral gene transfer? Is there evidence for this?7. What would we use DNA fingerprinting for?10. What is a use for DNA microarrays?11. What is genomics vs. proteomics?A lot of the info, especially in Chapters 19 and 20 overlap and I’m just looking for broad understanding, not specific details. ********As for the comprehensive portion, read back over your old exams! Questionswill come from there.**********This study guide should only be used as a template. It is not meant to be used as the sole study aid for your


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