Chabot College Fall 2001Replaced Fall 2006Course Outline for Dental Hygiene 74ADENTAL RADIOGRAPHY ICatalog Description:74A - Dental Radiography I 3 unitsIntroduction to principles of radiography, x-radiation protection, operation of x-ray equipment, infection control procedures and hazardous waste maintenance. Practice in film exposure, processing, mounting and interpretation. Prerequisite: current enrollment in the Dental Hygiene Program. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.Prerequisite Skills:NoneExpected Outcomes for Students:Upon completion of the course the student should be able to:1. communicate the development of radiography in dentistry and its current application in the modern dental office;2. identify the relationship of radiology with diagnosis, treatment planning, and other phases of dental practice;3. demonstrate knowledge of:a. characteristics and properties of x-radiation;b. the factors and circumstances necessary for x-ray production;4. distinguish the primary components of a simplified x-ray unit and how they function to affect the x-ray beam;5. analyze density, contrast, and definition as they relate to image quality;6. communicate compensating techniques for changes in exposure factors that affect density, contrast, and definition; 7. assess the biological effect of any dose of radiation, recognize x-radiation units, and define the following terms: a. ionization;b. Roentgen;c. rad; d. exposure;e. Dose;f. Rem;g. Curie;h. Gray;i. Sievert;8. apply the principles of radiological health and be conversant about basic principles ofradiation protection, inclusive of radiographic selection criteria;9. identify currently-acceptable methods for reducing x-radiation exposure of the patient and occupationally-exposed dental office personnel;10. analyze the critical organ concept and communicate the rationale of the maximum permissible dose (MPD) limits;11. assess somatic, genetic, and carcinogenic effects of radiation exposure;12. demonstrate monitoring personnel and maintaining records for exposure to radiation;13. identify the guidelines for structural shielding, barriers and materials, location of equipment;14. communicate the procedure for reporting an overexposure incident;Chabot CollegeCourse Outline for Dental Hygiene 74A, Page 2Fall 200115. apply geometric principles for accurate image formation, analyzing and interpreting factors causing distortion;16. demonstrate appropriate intraoral radiographic techniques in film placement, PID angulation and selection of exposure factors;17. produce full mouth radiographic surveys for adult dentulous patients presenting simple management problems; 18. identify and demonstrate the protocol for disinfection of equipment and aseptic technique;19. communicate the criteria as it relates to patient selection, appropriate survey options, film selection and supervision protocol;20. analyze and compare interproximal and periapical surveys as they relate to:a. purpose and scope of examination;b. intraoral techniques; parallel vs. bisecting angle;21. properly mount and label all radiographs;22. evaluate all radiographs in terms of technical quality, accuracy and clinical acceptability; 23. evaluate all radiographic errors (technical and processing) and describe the best methods for correcting them;24. identify a variety of film sizes and their application;25. identify the component parts of x-ray film and discuss latent image formation; 26. communicate purpose of double packet film utilization;27. communicate the essential items of darkroom equipment;28. communicate the rationale of daily tank and solution care and maintenance;29. identify the mechanical components and operation of automatic processors;30. communicate the relationship between latent image formation and processing procedures;31. demonstrate film processing procedures, including infection control protocols;32. identify principal chemical components of processing solutions, and describe functions of each component on exposed and unexposed portions of the film;33. identify major types of processing errors and identify potential cause and appropriateremedy;34. analyze the essential differences between hand and automatic film processing, and communicate advantages and disadvantages of each;35. identify procedures, tests, and records necessary to maintain an effective radiographic quality assurance program;36. demonstrate the proper viewing environment and list various viewing aids;37. analyze radiolucencies versus radiopacities as they relate to interpretation skills;38. demonstrate use of proper descriptive terminology;39. recognize the normal radiographic appearance of developing and mature teeth and their supporting tissues; 40. recognize the radiographic appearance of maxillary and mandibular anatomic landmarks;41. identify dental caries and be familiar with common errors in interpretation;42. recognize radiographic appearance of common temporary and permanent restorations made from metallic, synthetic, and porcelain restorative materials, in addition to materials used as bases and luting agents; 43. recognize common deficiencies in proximal restorations, including contour, overhanging and deficient margins, broken restorations;44. assess the limitations and benefits of radiographs in periodontal disease interpretation;45. interpret radiographic changes associated with:a. crestal irregularities;b. bone loss: direction, location, amount;c. local irritants such as calculus and faulty restorations;d. malposition of teeth;46. identify the following conditions radiographically:Chabot CollegeCourse Outline for Dental Hygiene 74A, Page 3Fall 2001a. microdontia and macrodontia;b. germination, fusion and concrescence;c. anomalies in tooth structure;d. supernumerary roots;e. dilaceration;f. anodontia;g. supernumerary teeth;h. drift and migration;i. transposition;j. impaction;k. delayed eruption;l. tori;m. exostosis;n. attrition;o. abrasion / erosion;p. retained roots;q. foreign bodies;47. respond to legal issues concerning dental radiographs;48. communicate ethics and procedures concerning:a. ownership of radiographs;b. the patient right to access records;c. billing;d. loaning or transfer of records;49. communicate a knowledge of the Consumer Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981;50. communicate state and federal regulations applicable to radiology.Course Content:1. Radiography in dental practice 2. Principles and concepts of electromagnetic radiation3. Component parts and