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UGA PSYC 3100 - Final Exam Study Guide
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PSYCH 3100 1st EditionExam # 3 Study Guide Lectures: 27 - 38Chapter 9- Psychology of Sexual Assault- Definition: “sexual assault” has replaced the term “rape”- Two types of sexual abuse on the basis of the degree of force or threat of force usedo Aggravated sexual abuse- some sort of sexual act that involves force of more serious force (ex. kidnapping, when the victim was drugged, etc.)o Sexual abuse- is threatening, but threat is more implied (in this case, there might be drinking involved)- In Georgia, if you are incapacitated/drunk, you cannot give consent- UCR (FBI’s uniform crime report)o Forcible rape- the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will  Old definition- defined as penetration w/penis, meaning women can’t be offenders and it doesn’t include penetration w/objects New, recently approved definition: penetration, however slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object About 9% of reported rapes have males as the victim- Because of this new definition, there will probably be an increased number of reported rapeso Other sex offenses Less serious offenseso Rapes of males were classified as assault (sometimes not even sexual assault) before thischange in definition - NIBRS (National Incident Based Reporting System)o Group A- 46 most serious crimes, sexual offenseso Forcible rape definition- carnal knowledge of a person forcibly or against the person’s will, or when the victim is incapable of giving consent (ex. age, permanent/temporary physical/mental incapacity, etc.)o Victim’s perceptions of offender’s age, gender, race, ethnicity (age and sex are most important factors) Victim-offender relationship  Weapons used- NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey)o Survey of victims of crime o Rape Victim/offender may be either male or femaleo Vast majority of sexual assaults are never reported to law enforcement Most likely, 2/3 of rapes/sexual assaults go unreportedo Why don’t rapes get reported? Stigma  Victim-Offender Relationship- the minority (less than 25%) involves a stranger. The rest are done by people that the victims know.  Many victims blame themselves (rape culture)o If a rape is reported, it is much more likely that it is true than it is false - Date Rapeo Acquaintance rapeo Strong connection to alcohol useo 40% of rapes were committed by husbands or dates Now, whether you had prior sexual relations or not has no effect on the case at hando 3 out of 4 incidents, the offender was NOT a strangero Perpetrator feelings of entitlemento Victim self-blame- Prevalence of Rapeo Majority are never reported to law enforcemento Gradually decreasingo 5% of the total violent crime rate (UCR)o 15% of U.S. adult women have been reported being rape (according to a national survey) An addition 3% have been a victim of an attempted rapeo 2.1% of men say they have been raped 0.9 have been victims of an attempted rapeo More than 50% of college women have reported being rapedo 1/3 of college men said in an anonymous survey that they would rape a woman if they thought they could get away with ito Anthony Bertolone- was raping his fraternities brothers Highlights double standard- consent of victims was not questioned when they were meno Johnathan Hock- Violence Against Women legislation (2005)o Forensic medical examinations- allows victims to be examined and evidence to be collected without any out-of-pocket expenses to the victim- US Dept. of Defenseo Graduated reporting system - Minimizes the commitment the victim must make (doesn’tobligate them to prosecute)- Offenderso Young (typically in early 20s; majority are under the age of 25)o 99 out of 100 sex offenders are male o 6 in 10 are white (according to UCR data) o Many have had previous arrests for violent behavior or previous rapes o Many are blue collar workers or are unemployed (based on percentage of convicted rapists) o Very few serial rapistso Antisocial behavior throughout lifeo Social support for violence against women (many have friends who have sexually assaulted a women) - Massachusetts Treatment Center Rapist Typologyo MTC replaced by the MTC:R3 Four major types based on the primary motivation- Opportunistic- impulsive; waited for an opportunity to find a victim in a situation where they probably won’t get talk- Pervasively angry- Offenders are probably antisocial and hot-tempered; act out in angry ways- Sexual- most rapes are not primarily sexually motivated, but this type is. May have a sadistic quality- Vindictive- motivation to get back at women (possibly because of bad experiences in the past- i.e. been cheated on, etc.) Nine subtypes  Six variables - Aggressiono Instrumental (or strategic) violence- to gain cooperation o Expressive aggression (or nonstrategic violence) – out of anger It is usually hard for men to be both angry and sexually aroused- Impulsivity- Social competence- may have very poor social skills - Sexual fantasies- involving rape and control- Sadism- very rare, but most malicious- Naïve cognitions or beliefso Rape myths - Weapons are not typically used in rape- Pornography by itself doesn’t lead to violence against womeno But it can create a perceived link between violence and sexual arousal Ch. 10- Forensic Psychology and the Victims of Crime and Other Wrongs- Crime victims- individuals who have been physically or emotionally harmed by known crimes against themselves or their property- Legal Rights of Victimso Not protected by the U.S. Constitution- the victim isn’t necessarily represented by a paidlawyer o First victim’s bill of rights Passed in 1980, Wisconsin Other states followed; every state now has some kind of a victim’s bill of rightso Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982- passed by Congress Makes provisions for victims o The Office for Victims of Crime- established in 1983o Restitution- can have a variety of meanings Allocution- may give the victim the right to speak out during a variety of proceedings (at bail hearing, sentencing hearing, parole board hearing, etc.)- Victim impact statement- can write down statement and send it in Notification- may inform victim of the status of the offender (if they have been let out of jail, etc.)- Restorative justice- promotes healing o Mediation philosophy- have mediation between the offender and the victim Based on compromise Becoming common


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UGA PSYC 3100 - Final Exam Study Guide

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