Implementing a Sentient Computing SystemSentient Computing SystemsImplementing a Sentient System: Active Bat (1)Implementing a Sentient System: Active Bat (2)Implementing a Sentient System: Active Bat (3)Modeling the EnvironmentSoftware Support for Sentient SystemsApplications (1)Applications (2)FutureLimitationsPowerPoint PresentationLocation Systems For Ubiquitous ComputingIntroductionLocationLocalized Location ComputingQualities of a Positioning systemSlide 18Survey of Location SystemsResearch DirectionsResearch Directions (Contd.)Strength And WeaknessesImplementing a Sentient Computing SystemPresented by:Jing Lin , Vishal Kudchadkar , Apurva ShahSentient Computing SystemsSentient computing systems are systems which can change their behavior based on a model of the environment they construct using sensor data.Sentient computing systems may hold the key to managing tomorrow’s device-rich mobile networks.Implementing a Sentient System: Active Bat (1)Location sensingImplementing a Sentient System: Active Bat (2)Current EmbodimentAccuracy and Precision95% of 3D Bat position readings are accurate to within 3cmMaximum Location update rate across each radio cell 150 updates per secondImplementing a Sentient System: Active Bat (3)Scheduling and power saving The scheduling process allows the Bat to enter a low-power sleep state.A 10-bit local ID is used to achieve shorter addressing message and power saving. Nonmoving Bats are placed into a low-power sleep state.Modeling the EnvironmentUse data from sensors and from servicesFilter the incoming location data using knowledge of tracked objects’ dynamicsUpdate the world model using filtered dataIncrease fidelity of the model by determining if someone appears to be seatedSoftware Support for Sentient SystemsSpatial monitor Formalizes imprecise spatial relationships in terms of containment and overlapping relationships between suitable 2D spacesTimeline-based data storage Data generated by network appliances should be stored in a way that does not require the user to specify its destination.Applications (1)BrowsingModel browsers display the environment’s current state, e.g., continuously updated map displaying personnel, furniture, telephones, workstations and other relevant informationFollow-me SystemsServices are made ubiquitously available to “users” by moving their interfaces to the nearest appropriate input or output deviceApplications (2)Novel user interfaces Mice Virtual buttons Augmented realityData Creation , Storage and Retrieval.FutureSentient computing is more than a solution to the problems of configuration and personalization. The environment itself will become the user interface.LimitationsActive Bat requires a large fixed-sensor infrastructure throughout the ceiling. The system is sensitive to the precise placement of sensors.Therefore, there are disadvantages in scalability, ease of deployment, and cost.Location Systems For Ubiquitous ComputingBy Vishal Kudchadkar ,Jing Lin ,Apurva ShahIntroductionNew mobile systems will need to know the location of the things.Location sensing techniques ….. Triangulation : uses of multiple measurements from known points to find the locationProximity : measure nearness from known pointsScene analysis : exam a view from particular vantage pointLocationPhysical Location and Symbolic LocationSymbolic Location encompasses abstract ideas of where something is.Absolute versus RelativeIn absolute system a frame of reference is shared by all the objects.In a relative system each object will have it’s own frame of referenceAn absolute location can be transformed into a relative location – relative to a second point of referenceLocalized Location ComputingSome systems have location computing capability and insist that they compute their own locations and hence can protect their privacy.Some systems require objects to periodically respond to a broadcast to tell their position to the system.Qualities of a Positioning systemAccuracy and Precision: The distance or grain-size denotes the accuracy. Sensor fusion can help improve accuracy. We generally determine the accuracy of the system by checking if it is suitable for the applicationScale :Consider coverage as the area per unit of infrastructure and the number of objects the system can locate per unit area.Qualities of a Positioning systemRecognition : Applications may take specific action depending on the location of the object and hence location recognition is needed in such systemsCost : Time Cost includes time to install and setup the system and Space cost is the space the system requiresLimitations :Systems may not function in a specific environment.Survey of Location SystemsActive Bridge, Active Bat, Cricket, Radar MotionStar magnetic tracker, Easy Living, Smart Floor E911 are discussed in the paper. We will present one of the systems in detail in the following paper.Research DirectionsSensor Fusion: Defined as the use of multiple sensor technologies to create hierarchical and overlapping levels of sensingAd hoc Location sensing :This method uses techniques to locate objects without the use of a central information center or a browserIn this method of locating objects , the nearby objects share information to build about the systemResearch Directions (Contd.)Ad hoc Location sensing :Triangulation, scene analysis or proximity location sensing methods are used Location – sensing system accuracyStrength And WeaknessesStrength A good introductory paper on location systems.It compares pros and cons of various location systems.Provides a taxonomy which can be used to evaluate the suitability of a location system.WeaknessThis paper addresses only hardware issues but fails to address software
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