Astronomy 101, Exam #3 B Name___________________________________________________________________No notes, No books; You can use calculators. Pick the best answer for each question.Constants that you may need to know:c = 3 x 108 m/s 1 AU = 1.49 ×1011 meters 1 light year = 9.46 × 1015 metersh = 6.626 x 10-34 J●s mass of Earth = 5.97 × 1024 kg mass of Sun = 1.99 x 1030 kgG = 6.67 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2mass of Moon = 7.35 x 1022 kg mass of Jupiter = 1.90 x 1027 kgg = 9.8 m/s2radius of Earth = 6.38 × 106 m radius of Jupiter = 7.15 × 107 mσ = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-41 nm = 1 x 10-9 meters radius of Moon = 1.74 × 106 m Use the flowing information for questions 1-3: ●You are immortal.●You initially have a 500 gram block. It contains exactly 100 grams of 12C, exactly 100 grams of 239U, exactly 100 grams of 40K, exactly 100 grams 87Rb, and exactly 100 grams of 60Co. ●12C is a stable isotope, 239U has a half-life of 23 minutes, 40K has a half-life of 1.25 x 109 years, 87Rb has a half-life of 4.7 x 1010 years, and 60Co has a half-life of 5.27 years.1) After 9 x 105 years, which isotope will you have the highest abundance of?A) 12CB) 239UC) 40KD) 87RbE) 60Co2) After 30 years, which isotope will you have the lowest abundance of?A) 12CB) 239UC) 40KD) 87RbE) 60Co3) Assume all of these isotopes were originally found in a meteorite when it formed. A scientist wants to determine the formation age using two different isotopic systems. Which two parent isotopes would scientists use to determine the formation age of the meteorite?A) 12C and 239UB) 239U and 60CoC) 40K and 87RbD) 239U and 87Rb E) 40K and 60CoAstronomy 101, Exam #3 B 4) Which is true about P- and S-waves?A) P-waves cannot travel through liquids while S-waves cannot travel throughsolid material.B) P-waves can travel through liquids while S-waves cannot travel through solidmaterial.C) P-waves and S-waves cannot travel through liquids.D) P-waves cannot travel through solid material while S-waves cannot travelthrough liquids.E) P-waves travel faster through a solid than S-waves.5) Who was the first person to walk on the Moon?A) Buzz AldrinB) Stan LoveC) Neil ArmstrongD) Tom JonesE) John Glenn6) A large portion of the Moon’s surface was thought to be completely molten. Thismolten part of the Moon was called a …A) Igneous SillB) Lava SeaC) Magma OceanD) VolcanoE) Pangea7) Why is part of the core of the Earth thought to be liquid?A) P-waves cannot pass through the coreB) The density of the Earth is larger than the MoonC) S-waves cannot pass through the coreD) The Earth must have incorporated a large abundance of liquid helium when itformedE) Volcanoes in the Earth allow water to sink to the core8) The interstellar cloud that formed the Sun was primarily …A) oxygen and siliconB) nitrogen and heliumC) helium and carbonD) hydrogen and heliumE) iron and siliconAstronomy 101, Exam #3 B 9) Which planet has the smallest density?A) MercuryB) EarthC) NeptuneD) MarsE) Venus10) Which gas is considered a greenhouse gas? A) N2 B) I C) He D) CH4 E) Ar11) The two most abundant elements in Saturn are … A) oxygen and carbon. B) iron and hydrogen. C) nitrogen and oxygen. D) hydrogen and helium. E) iron and helium.12) What is an expected difference between a sample from the Lunar Highlands and asample of mare from Mare Imbrium?A) The sample of the Lunar Highlands will be more aluminum-richB) The sample of the Lunar Highlands will be darkerC) The sample of the Lunar Highland will be denserD) The sample of the Lunar Highlands will be more pyroxene-richE) The sample of the Lunar Highlands will have a younger formation age.13) Which of these objects could potentially produce the largest Doppler shifts on thespectral lines of a star?A) A planet with the mass of Earth that is 10 AU from the starB) A planet with the mass of Jupiter that is 0.1 AU from the star C) A planet with the mass of Earth that is 0.1 AU from the star D) A planet with a mass that is ten times that of Jupiter that is 1 AU from thestarAstronomy 101, Exam #3 B E) A planet with a mass that is ten times that of Jupiter that is 0.5 AU fromthe star 14) The two most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust are … A) oxygen and silicon. B) iron and aluminum. C) nitrogen and carbon. D) hydrogen and helium. E) calcium and titanium15) Plate tectonics describes …A) the large scale motions of Earth's asthenosphere.B) the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere.C) The convection in the Earth’s coreD) The capture of charged particles in the Van Allen Radiation beltsE) The formation of the Moon’s crust16) Which is not true about the Earth’s atmosphere?A) protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiationB) warms the surface of the Earth through heat retention C) reduces temperature extremes between day and night.D) Contains more oxygen than argonE) Contains more carbon dioxide than oxygen17) The mission to discover Earth-like planets is called the …A) Apollo missionB) Kepler missionC) Newton missionD) Einstein missionE) Copernicus mission18) Why are Jupiter-sized planets easier to discover around other stars than Earth-sized planets using the Doppler method?A) Jupiter-sized planets have extensive ring systemsB) Jupiter-sized planets eject material into their starC) The higher masses of Jupiter-sized planets tend to produce smallergravitational forces on stars than Earth-like planets at the same distancesto the starAstronomy 101, Exam #3 B D) Jupiter-sized planets produce tremendous amount of radio waves that canbe detected from EarthE) The higher masses of Jupiter-sized planets tend to produce largergravitational forces on stars than Earth-like planets at the same distance tothe starAstronomy 101, Exam #3 B 19) Which is not a difference between terrestrial planets and Jovian planets?A) Terrestrial planets are closer to the Sun than Jovian planetsB) Terrestrial planets have fewer moons than Jovian planetsC) Jovian planets have rings while terrestrial planets do not have ringsD) Terrestrial planets have smaller densities than Jovian planetsE) Jovian planets are
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