Ethical Scenarios from Sara Baase, A Gift of Fire (2nd ed), Chapter 10typed in by Phillip Rogaway for ECS 188April 20041. Copying an employee’s files. You are a computer system manager. An employee is out sick andanother employee requests that you copy all files from the sick person’s computer to his so he can dosome work.2. Insufficient privacy protection. Your customer is a community clinic that works with familiesthat have problems of family violence. The clinic has three sites in the same city, including a shelterfor battered women and children. Currently, the clinic uses no computers. The director wants acomputerized record system, networked for the three sites, with the ability to transfer files among sitesand make appointments at any site for any other. She wants to have an Internet connection for e-mail communication with other social-service agencies about client needs. She wants a few notebookcomputers capable of storing copies of records that staffers can carry when they visit clients at home. Atthe shelter, staffers use only first names, but the records contain last names and forwarding addresses ofwomen who have recently left. The director’s description of the system makes no mention of passwordsor encryption. The clinic’s budget is small, and she wants to keep the cost as low as possible.3. Risky systems. Your team is working on a computer-controlled laser device for treating canceroustumors. The computer controls direction, intensity, and timing of the beam that destroys the tumor.Various delays have put the project behind schedule, and t he deadline is app roaching. There will notbe time to complete all the planned testing. The system has been functioning properly in the routinetreatment scenarios that have been tested so far. You are the project manager, and you are consideringwhether to deliver the system on time, while continuing testing, and to make patches if bugs are found.4. Risky systems. Suppose you are a member of a team working on a computer-controlled crash-avoidance system for automobiles. You think the system has a flaw that could endanger people. Theproject manager does not seem concerned and expects to announce completion of the project soon. Areyou ethically obligated to do something?5. Release of personal information. You work for the IRS, the Social Security Administration, amedical clinic, or a large credit bureau. Someone asks you to get a copy of a person’s file. He will payyou $500.6. Release of p ersonal information—version 2. You work for the IRS, the Social Security Admin-istration, a medical clinic, or a large credit bureau. You know another employee sells files with people’spersonal information.7. A test plan. A team of programmers is developing a communications system for firefighters to usewhen fighting a fire. Firefighters will be able to communicate with each other, with supervisors near thescene, and with other emergency personnel. The programmers will test the system in a field near thecompany office.8. Copyright violation. Your company has about 25 licenses for a computer program, but you discoverthat it has been copied onto 80 computers.9. Hiring foreign programmers. You are a manager at a software company about to begin a large soft-ware project. You will need to hire dozens of new programmers. Using the Internet for communicationand software delivery, you can hire programmers in another country at lower salary than programmersin your country. Should you do this?110. 10.18. A small company offers you a programming job. You are to work on new versions of its softwareproduct to disable copy-protection and other access controls on electronic books. The company’s programenables buyers of e-books to read their e-books on a variety of hardware devices (fair uses). Customerscould also use the program to make many unauthorized copies of copyrighted books. The company’sWeb page implicitly encourages this practice.11. 10.21. Suppose you came to the U.S. from Kosovo 15 years ago. You now have a small softwarecompany. You will need to hire six programmers this year. Because of the devastation by the ware inyour homeland, you have decided to seek out and hire only programmers who are refugees from Kosovo.12. 10.23. You are the president of a small computer-game company. Your company has just boughtanother small game company that was developing three new games. You look them over and find thatone is complete, ready to reproduce and sell. It is very violent and demeaning to women. It wouldprobably sell 200,000–400,000 copies. You have to decide w hat to do with the game.13. 10.25. In 1990, the campaign of a gubernatorial candidate in Massachusetts distorted a digital imageof his opponent in a television interview to make the opponent appear more menacing.14. 10.31. The faculty at a large university requested that the campus store sell an electronic device, Auto-Grader, that students would use when taking machine-scorable tests. Students would enter test answersinto this personal electronic device and then send the answers via infrared signal to the instructor’scomputer in the classroom. Once all the answers are received, the instructor’s computer immediatelygrades the test and sends the students’ scores back to their devices. Suppose you are a university deanwho must decide whether to allow use of this