6 Thermal conductivities specific heat expansion coefficients etc as needed iv I will give you conversion factors like 1 1 atm 1 013 105 Pa 14 7 psi Lecture 24 Announcements 1 2 3 4 5 Another Utah Baroque Ensemble concert Sunday Nov 23 7 30 pm LDS church at 1081 W 1060 North in Provo No class on Tuesday Friday instruction All extra credit due by last day of class Dec 11 Evening exam review session tonight a 7 9 pm room C215 right below the TA lab Exam 4 starts today a Exam ends Tues Nov 25 late fee after 5 pm b Covers Chapters 9 12 HW 15 19 but cumulative c 3 hour time limit 0 5 pt min after 3 05 d Last year s exam posted on website i Average time 2 1 hours average score 63 ii I attempted to make your exam a little easier e At least one problem where you turn in work f Note card allowed as usual i 3 5 note card front back handwritten only ii I will not give you most formulas on the exam iii I will give constants like 1 water 1000 kg m3 2 kB 1 381 10 23 J K 3 NA 6 022 1023 4 R kB NA 8 314 J mol K 0 08206 liter atm mol K 5 5 67 10 8 W m2 K4 9 2 TF 5 TC 32 3 TK TC 273 15 4 1 cal 4 186 J 5 1 m3 1000 L v I won t give you standard stuff 1 metric prefixes e g 1 kPa 1000 Pa 2 area of a circle r2 3 water freezes at 0 C boils at 100 C 4 number of seconds in an hour 5 etc g Calculators allowed as usual h Things to study as usual very roughly in order of importance i HW problems ii Last year s exam iii Conceptual stuff especially 1 clicker quizzes 2 Warmup questions 3 demos iv Worked problems from class v Textbook problems Colton Lecture 24 11 20 08 pg 1 Real engines modeled by PV diagram cycles Example Gasoline engines Piston is compressed quickly Heat is then added quickly by igniting fuel Piston then expands quickly Heat is then expelled quickly by getting rid of old air Colton Lecture 24 11 20 08 pg 2 2nd Law of thermodynamics Heat spontaneously flows from hot to cold not the other way around Why Order From textbook which hand is more likely Same air is not re used the cycle is just an approximation The Otto cycle but which is more likely a straight flush or a garbage hand Boltzman 3D program revisited increasing entropy Another version of the law Image credit http www grc nasa gov WWW K 12 airplane otto html Difference between gas and diesel engines Colton Lecture 24 11 20 08 pg 3 In an engine you can t convert all the heat into usable work Why are they equivalent Colton Lecture 24 11 20 08 pg 4 Review of Chapter 12 Formulas Review Definitions and Fundamental Laws Won gas area under curve in P V diagram P V for constant pressure process Final exam you will be expected to know these m Definition of density V F Definition of pressure P A U depends only on T often it s strictly proportional 3 2 nRT for monatomic ideal gas Visualizing isothermal contours in P V diagrams helps understand changes in temperature and hence U 1st Law U Qadded Won system Engines transform heat to work 2nd Law but not all of the heat From fuel burned Heat exhausted Archimedes Principle FB wdisplaced fluid mdisplaced fluid g fluidVobjectg Ideal Gas Law PV nRT Nk BT First Law of Thermodynamics U Qadded Won system Definition isothermal no temperature change Definition adiabatic no heat exchanged New stuff but not quite as basic Qh Wnet Qc efficiency Wnet Qh Carnot Theorem often not even most of the heat max eff ec 1 Tc Th Final exam I will give you these but maybe without the tags stress F A strain L L Y stress strain P P0 gh VFR A1v1 A2v2 P1 1 1 v1 2 gy1 P2 v 2 2 gy 2 2 2 L L 0 T Song http www uky edu holler CHE107 media first second law mp3 V V0 T 3 KE ave 1 3 2 mv ave k B T 2 2 Calorimetry Q mc T Q mL Colton Lecture 24 11 20 08 pg 5 Q T2 T1 Conduction T kA L 4 Radiation P e AT Won gas P V constant pressure area under curve in P V diagram general U 3 3 Nk BT nRT monatomic ideal gas 2 2 Cycles Qh Wnet Qc e Wnet Qadded 1 Qc Qh Carnot Theorem emax 1 Tc Th Things which you might consider to be formulas but I don t really so I won t give them to you on exam Constant volume W 0 Isothermal U 0 Adiabatic Q 0 Cycles U 0 Colton Lecture 24 11 20 08 pg 6 Exam 4 Review of important concepts 1 Pressure Force area a Solids i Stress like 1D pressure Strain ii Young s modulus b Non moving Liquids i Pressure increases with depth ii Pascal s principle pressure in fluid the same at same h c Archimedes Principle FB weight of displaced fluid 2 Fluid dynamics a Viscosity b Garden hose equation i Why when true c Bernoulli effect motion of fluid causes P to decrease i wings combination of air deflection and Bernoulli 1 1 2 2 d Bernoulli eqn P1 2 v1 gy1 P2 2 v 2 gy 2 3 Temperature effects a Thermal expansion i L Lo T ii V Vo T 3 for solids b Ideal gas law PV NkBT PV nRT 1 3 2 c Average kinetic energy of molecules 2 mvave 2 k BT Colton Lecture 24 11 20 08 pg 7 Colton Lecture 24 11 20 08 pg 8 i Use to get average speed ii Internal energy U 3 2 nRT for monatomic ideal gas 4 Heat a Calorimetry Qgained by 1 Qlost by 2 Blueprint eqn i Q mc T Q mL ii Make sure each term is positive b Radiation P heat time e AT4 i Describes heat emitted and heat absorbed heat T2 T1 c Conduction P time kA L d Convection qualitative only Some HW problems missed by many Piston 1 in the figure has a diameter of 0 58 in piston 2 has a diameter of 1 5 in In the absence of friction determine the force F necessary to support the 500 lb weight 5 Thermodynamics a P V diagrams i Isothermal contours ii Types of state changes constant P constant V constant T U 0 adiabatic Q 0 cycle U 0 b Work done on by a gas area under curve on P V i Positive vs negative c First Law U Qadded Won system d Engines general picture i Qh Wnet Qc Wnet T Q e 1 c e max 1 c ii Efficiency Q Q …