1RNA structureFigure 32-27a Secondary structures of the E. coli ribosomal 16S RNA.Voet and Voet, Biochemistry, chapter 32The role of RNA in cellsFig. 33-20, Stryer, Biochemistry, 4thed., 19952Figure 32-32a Tertiary structures of the ribosomal RNAs. (a) The 16S rRNA of T. thermophilus.Voet and Voet, Biochemistry, chapter 32Figure 32-37 Predicted secondary structures of evolutionarily distant 16S-like rRNAs. (a) Archaebacteria, (b) yeast, and (c) bovine mitochondria.Voet and Voet, Biochemistry, chapter 32Mitochondrial ribosome has common ancestor with bacteria, not archaeaFigure 1-11 Evolutionary tree3Figure 5-27 Transfer RNA (tRNA) drawn in its “cloverleaf” form.Voet and Voet, Biochemistry, chapter 5Transfer or tRNAFigure 32-9Cloverleaf secondary structure of tRNA.Voet and Voet, Biochemistry, chapter 32Figure 32-134Cox, Lehninger Principles in Biochemistry, chapter 27, figure 15Figure 32-11 Structure of yeast tRNAPhe. (a) The base sequence drawn in cloverleaf form. (b) The X-ray structure drawn to show how its base paired stems are arranged form the L-shaped molecule.Figure 32-16 Experimentally observed identity elements of RNAs.Voet and Voet, Biochemistry, chapter 325Figure 32-10 A selection of the modified nucleosides that occur in tRNAs together with their standard abbreviations.Voet and Voet, Biochemistry, chapter 32Figure 32-10 A selection of the modified nucleosides that occur in tRNAs together with their standard abbreviations.Voet and Voet, Biochemistry, chapter 326Cox, Lehninger Principles in Biochemistry, chapter 26, figure 25tRNA processing and maturationSEE ALSO Figure 31-75 The posttranscriptional processing of yeast tRNATyr.Figure 5-28 Schematic diagram of translation.Voet and Voet, Biochemistry, chapter 57Table 32-2The “Standard” Genetic Code is dengenrateSee also Table 5-3 The Standard “Genetic” Code.Voet and Voet, Biochemistry, chapter 32Table 32-5 Allowed Wobble Pairing Combinations in the Third Codon–Anticodon Position.Voet and Voet, Biochemistry, chapter 328Cox, Lehninger Principles in Biochemistry, chapter 27, figure 8Pairing relationship when anticodon contains inosinateFigure 32-36 Ribosomal subunits in the X-ray structure of the T. thermophilus 70S ribosome in complex with three tRNAs and an mRNA.Voet and Voet, Biochemistry, chapter 329Figure 32-64a Ribosomal decoding site. (a) The X-ray structures of T. thermophilus 30S subunit alone. (b) The X-ray structures of T. thermophilus 30S subunit in its complex with U6 and the 17-nt anticodon stem–loop of tRNAPhe.Voet and Voet, Biochemistry, chapter 32bindingRibosomal subunits help position codon-anticodon structureDecoding at A-site on 30S ribosomal subunitUnstacking of bases A1492 and A1493 from internal loop H44 is only favorable if compensating interactions by hydrogen bonding with both mRNA and cognate tRNA across minor groove of the codon-anticodon helix can be made.This interaction would sense the groove width and shape and discriminate against the distorted codon-anticodon helix formed with near-cognate or non-cognate tRNAs.Ramakrishnan&Moore, 2001, Current Opin. Struct.Biol. 11:144No hydrogen bonds in mRNA-tRNA groove10Figure 32-17a X-Ray structure of E. coli GlnRS · tRNAGln · ATP. (a) tRNA and ATP wireframe; tRNA sugar–phosphates green, bases magenta, ATP red. (b) A ribbon drawing of the complex viewed as in Part a.Voet and Voet, Biochemistry, chapter 32Figure 32-18a X-Ray structure of yeast AspRS · tRNAAsp · ATP. (a) The homodimeric enzyme with its two symmetrically bound tRNAs viewed with its 2-fold axis approximately vertical.Voet and Voet, Biochemistry, chapter 3211Voet and Voet, Biochemistry, chapter 32Figure 32-22b Cartoon comparison of the putative aminoacylation and editing modes of IleRS ·
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