UI ECE 591 - The Effects of Plug-in Electric Vehicles

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Slide 1OverviewProblem StatementCar TypesMarket ResearchProjected Plug-in Electric Vehicle Market ShareMarket ResearchProjected Number of PHEV’s in BoiseConductive Charger LevelsSlide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13PHEV Loading MitigationSlide 15Time of Day ChargingTime of Day AnalysisVariable Power RatesVariable Power RatesPower Sellback – V2GFuture WorkConclusionsSlide 23Market Research CalculationsAdditional Load Due to PHEVsThe Effects of Plug-in Electric Vehicles on a Sample GridTeam Members:Jeff EggebraatenBrendin JohnsonAnne MousseauJustin Schlee1Overview1) Defining the problem2) Market Research3) Load Analysis4) Time of Day 5) Future Work2Problem StatementThe demand for plug-in electric vehicles is increasing rapidly, which will pose new challenges for power utilities in terms of understanding how this additional load will effect their distribution grids.Idaho Power asked EVI to perform this analysis.3Car Types•Plug-in Electric Vehicles• Run only on electricity • Do not have another fuel source •Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV)• Run on electricity and fuel• Gas engine can drive the wheels or act as a generator 4Market ResearchWhy is market research needed?- To predict the future number of PHEV’s on the road.5Source: EPRIShare of New Vehicle SalesYearProjected Plug-in Electric Vehicle Market Share 6Market ResearchGathered InformationNational NumbersNational Yearly Sales (Autodata)Projected PHEV new car sales (E.P.R.I.)Number of cars on the road per year (D.O.T.)Regional NumbersNumber of cars registered in Idaho (Idaho D.M.V)Number of cars registered in Ada county (Idaho D.M.V)ResultsProjected number of PHEV’s in Idaho (2010–2040)Projected number of PHEV’s in Ada county (2010–2040)72005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040050000100000150000200000250000388.426825.9235585.9583252.73130365.09176243.81222438.78YearP r o j e c t e d N u m b e r o f P H E V ’ s i n B o i s eProjected Number of PHEV’s in Boise8Conductive Charger LevelsLevel 1ConveniencePlug into common wall outlet1-Phase120 V AC, 15 A* AC1.44 kW (max)Level 2Private/PublicRequires EV Supply equipment installation1 Phase208-240 V AC, 30-60A AC14.4 kW (max)Level 3Opportunity Requires commercial equipment installation3 Phase208-600 V AC, 400 A AC240 kW (max)*** Receptacle rating (maximum continuous current of 12 A).** Maximum allowed by standardsSource: C.C Chan, K.T. Chau910Battery Size and Charge TimeLine Voltages before PHEV loadingYear 201011Line Voltages with PHEV loadingYear 2040122010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 20400102030405060708090Low Voltage FuseSwitch% LoadingAfter Mitigation Number of Distribution Grid Issueswith PHEV loading Year 2010 -204013PHEV Loading Mitigation• Added Voltage Regulators• Re-conductored Overloaded Lines• Added Capacitors • Approximated Cost of $132,00014Line Voltages with PHEV loading and Mitigation Year 2040Capacitor AddedRe conductor2 Voltage Regulators15Time of Day Charging• Customer comes home and plugs in the car (~5 pm)• Normal utility peak (~5 pm)• To reduce this load, shift the charge time (~10 pm)16Time of Day Analysis1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 242000300040005000600070008000PHEV Charging at 5PM and at 10PM10PM PHEV Loading, 2040 Baseline 2010 Load 5PM PHEV Loading, 2040T o t a l P o w e r U s a g e ( M V A )7.73%17Variable Power RatesPros of PSE’s Variable Rate Plan:About 5% of total power usage was shifted to off-peak hoursOverall electricity usage was reduced by 6%An overall positive reaction from the customers for the incentive to use energy more efficiently18Source: Puget Sound EnergyVariable Power RatesCons of PSE’s Variable Rate Plan:To break even customers would have needed to use more than half their electricity during the lowest rate hours. This was an inconvenience for some families who felt that the time-of-day plan was incompatible with their lifestyle.19Source: Puget Sound EnergyPower Sellback – V2GElectric vehicles can be used to provide power during peak usage timesBenefitsPeak ShavingLoad RegulationChallengesHarmonicsProtection TrippingSafety20Future WorkPower QualityEffects of Higher Charging LevelsTransmission, Generation, and Protection 2122Conclusions• By 2040 PHEV’s charging will increase load by 18%• Additional load results in voltage drop•Equipment will need to be upgraded to accommodate load•Shifting charge time results in a 7.73% peak load reduction• Time of day plan can incentivize a shift in charging timeThanks:Idaho PowerMarc Patterson, Mel Trammel, Mary GraeschUniversity of IdahoDr. Herbert Hess, Dr. Greg Donohoe, Dr. Joseph Law, John Jacksha23Market Research Calculations24Additional Load Due to PHEVs2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 204001,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000142281,1302,5153,7484,8215,789YearP r o j e c t e d L o a d f r o m P H E V ' s i n S a m p l e G r i d [ k W


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UI ECE 591 - The Effects of Plug-in Electric Vehicles

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