i. Three Annotated Models of Research Thesis Statementsii. Elwoodiii. Kenney & Patton (nonfunded)(nonfunded reviews)Kenney & Patton (funded)(funded reviews)iv. Lam, Campanella, & Pacev. Lawson & Jaroszvi. Patelvii. Solis(reviews)viii. Songix. Wardx. WasklewiczAPPENDIX i. Three Annotated Models of Research Thesis StatementsWriting Research Thesis Statements Annotated Models: Example of the Problem of Transportation in Panama PROBLEM: Drivers in developing urban areas such as Panama City experience a great deal of traffic congestion, delays and accidents. QUESTIONS: 1) Advancing existing research: Where in Panama City are the most pressing congestion problems? Transportation problems, including congestion, involve a spatial dimension, for which there now exist a large body of literature and set of methodological tools available to researchers. Drawing contributions from geographers, planners, engineers, computer scientists, and more, specialized geographic technologies are currently available to analyze interesting environmental, economic and social patterns through modeling (Horner 2003). Increasingly, the dimension of time has been recognized as a critical element for advancing research, leading to the development of multidimensional transportation location referencing systems (Koncz and Adams 2002) that can enable dynamic modeling of congestion and other problems. Still, the field is plagued by the difficulties of adequately representing the many elements of data needed for addressing pressing and complex questions in empirical settings. Goodchild (2004) notes that a major challenge for further progress is the development of solutions that permit the co-existence of multiple, conflicting representations and analysis at multiple scales. The first sentence states the problem to open the introduction to existing research. The second sentence introduces the existing body of research literature. The third sentence focuses on and summarizes a specific part of the existing research literature. The next sentence shows the limits of existing research, indicating a possibility of where it can be advanced. The last sentence supports the need for the proposed research to advance or make progress within existing research literature. 2) Resolving a contradiction: How would installing traffic signals impact public safety? As urban population and related development expands in the Panama City area, traffic volume and congestion increases, along with accident rates. Transportation research indicates that the installation of traffic signals at intersections can effectively resolve congestion and The first sentence expresses the problem. The second sentence presents one side of the relevant research.improve flow of vehicles (Strickland and Berman 1995). However, other research shows that intersection crash rates frequently increase with signal installation (Kuciemba and Cirillo 1992). The literature reveals that signalization usually leads to a shift in crash types, with fewer angle and turning collisions and more rear-end collisions, with some indications that crashes at signalized intersections may be less severe (NCSA 1999). The apparent contradiction between improving traffic flow and reducing accident rates suggest that transportation problems need to be studied in situ in order to design effective solutions that optimize overall public safety. The third sentence presents a conflicting side of the relevant research. The fourth sentence further explains the contradiction within the research literature. The final sentence shows the need for the proposed research based on the contradictions in existing research. 3) Developing a new line of inquiry: What unique cultural driving behaviors contribute to either causing or avoiding accidents? A fertile and multidisciplinary body of research focuses on the role of driver behavior within traffic incidents (Edsall and Driscoll 2004). Such research has been dominated by lines of inquiry that expose high-risk behavior such as driver fatigue, driver distractions, and driver impairment (low visibility, alcohol, medications, etc.). However, almost all such studies have occurred within highly economically developed areas such as in North America, Europe, and Australia. A few possible exceptions include comparative studies looking at drivers who cross borders such as at the US-Mexico and Finland-Russia interfaces (Lajunen 2001). What current transportation research does exist on developing countries focuses on infrastructure (TRB 2004). As visitors to cities such as Santiago, Bangkok, or Ouagadougou would attest, an obvious question arises: what role do the particular driving cultures in developing countries play in urban traffic accidents? There remains a dearth of research addressing the potential relationship between accident rates and culturally specific driving behaviors in urban areas of developing countries. The first sentence introduces the existing body of research as a whole. The second sentence describes and summarizes the various lines of inquiry within existing research. The third sentence reveals the limitations of these lines of inquiry. The following sentence carefully notes a few possible exceptions to the case that the proposed line of inquiry is completely new. The next sentence shows how these exceptions do not quite follow the proposed new line of inquiry. The following sentence expresses the proposed new line of inquiry as a question. The final sentence explicitly states the need for a new line of inquiry as proposed.APPENDIX ii. Elwood, Sarah. NSF CAREER Award: Transforming the Politics of Place: GIS, Knowledge Production, and Community-Based Organizations in Urban Governance.Project Summary This project examines the urban spatial and political impacts of two related developments in US cities: the growing adoption and use of geographic information systems (GIS) by community-based organizations, and the expanding responsibilities being assumed by these organizations in urban planning, revitalization, and service delivery. The primary research objective of the project is to carry out a long-term ethnographic study of the production of GIS-based data and maps that analyze neighborhood needs, resources, and conditions; and the application of this spatial knowledge within local political processes that shape urban space at neighborhood level. The educational objective of the project